Bacterial Infections

and, R. J. Hay; Adriaans, Beverley

doi:10.1002/9780470750520.ch27

Cited by 23 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 588 publications

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“…Of the exogenous cutaneous findings, primary inoculation abscess and eczematous lesions were encountered in two housewives who milked their animals. These findings are reported to be seen frequently in individuals dealing with milk and milk products and in professions which have direct contact with animals or meat products, such as butchers, veterinarians, and farmers 4,5 , 7,9 , 15…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Humans acquire the disease by the ingestion of raw milk or dairy products made from unpasteurized milk, by direct contact through the broken skin or conjunctiva, or by inhalation of contaminated dust. It is a health problem in developing countries where domestic animals harboring Brucella are raised, adequate control measures are lacking, and the population ingests raw milk or its products 1,2 , 3,4 , 5,6…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cutaneous findings encountered in brucellosis and review of the literature

et al. 2001

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous findings encountered in brucellosis and review of the literature

et al. 2001

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“…The humanized mouse model provides a striking similarity to the histopathology observed during natural GAS impetigo in humans [96–101]. Infection of the wounded graft with an emm pattern D skin specialist strain typically leads to loss of the stratum corneum over large sections of skin by 48 h postinoculation (Figure 3).…”

Section: Animal Models For Superficial Gas Infection Of the Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue Tropisms in Group a Streptococcal Infections

Bessen

Lizano

2010

Future Microbiol.

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Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a human-specific pathogen that is highly prevalent throughout the world. The vast majority of GAS infections lead to a mild disease involving the epithelial surfaces of either the throat or skin. The concept of distinct sets of ‘throat’ and ‘skin’ strains of GAS has long been conceived. From an ecological standpoint, the epithelium of the throat and skin are important because it is where the organism is most successful in reproducing and transmitting to new hosts. This article examines key features of the epidemiology, population biology and molecular pathogenesis that underlie the tissue site preferences for infection exhibited by GAS, with an emphasis on work from our laboratory on skin tropisms. Recombinational replacement with orthologous gene forms, following interspecies transfer, appears to be an important genetic step leading up to the exploitation of new niches by GAS.

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“…Current use tends to regard the term erysipelas as a form of cellulitis rather than as a distinct entity in which a raised leading edge represents dermal inflammation alone [2]. Indeed, the terminology used to describe various types of skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) is complicated because of the use of terms to describe different types of infection (cellulitis, erysipelas, abscess), clinical scenarios (Fournier gangrene) and aetiological agents (‘clostridial myonecrosis’) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral flucloxacillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin versus flucloxacillin alone for the emergency department outpatient treatment of cellulitis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Quirke

Wakai

Gilligan

et al. 2013

Trials

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BackgroundOral flucloxacillin, either alone or in combination with phenoxymethylpenicillin, is a commonly prescribed antibiotic for the treatment of cellulitis, particularly in Ireland and the United Kingdom. This study aims to establish the non-inferiority of oral monotherapy (flucloxacillin alone) to dual therapy (flucloxacillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin) for the outpatient treatment of cellulitis in adults.Methods/designThis study is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adults who present to the emergency department (ED) with cellulitis that is deemed treatable on an outpatient basis with oral antibiotics. After fulfilling specified inclusion and exclusion criteria, informed consent will be taken. Patients will be given a treatment pack containing 7 days of treatment with flucloxacillin 500 mg four times daily and placebo or flucloxacillin 500 mg four times daily and phenoxymethylpenicillin 500 mg four times daily. The primary outcome measure under study is the proportion of patients in each group in which there is greater than or equal to a 50% reduction in the area of diameter of infection from the area measured at enrolment at the end-of-treatment visit (7 to 10 days). Secondary endpoints include a health-related quality of life measurement as rated by the SF-36 score and the Extremity Soft Tissue Infection Score (not validated), compliance and adverse events. Patients will be followed up by telephone call at 3 days, end-of-treatment visit (EOT) at 7 to 10 days and test-of-cure (TOC) visit at 30 days. To achieve 90% power, a sample size of 172 patients per treatment arm is needed. This assumes a treatment success rate of 85% with oral flucloxacillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin, an equivalence threshold Δ = 12.5% and an α = 0.025. Non-inferiority will be assessed using a one-sided confidence interval on the difference of proportions between the two groups. Standard analysis including per-protocol and intention-to-treat will be performed.DiscussionThis trial aims to establish the non-inferiority of flucloxacillin monotherapy to dual therapy in the treatment of uncomplicated cellulitis among ED patients. In doing so, this trial will bridge a knowledge gap in this understudied and common condition and will be relevant to clinicians across several different disciplines.Trial registrationEudraCT Number 2008-006151-42

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Bacterial Infections

Cited by 23 publications

References 588 publications

Cutaneous findings encountered in brucellosis and review of the literature

Cutaneous findings encountered in brucellosis and review of the literature

Tissue Tropisms in Group a Streptococcal Infections

Oral flucloxacillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin versus flucloxacillin alone for the emergency department outpatient treatment of cellulitis: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

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