Bacterial Keratitis. Part 2. Topical Aspects of Treatment

Шиловских, О В; Ponomarev, V. O.; Kazaykin, V. N.; Tkachenko, K. A.

doi:10.18008/1816-5095-2023-1-24-32

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 55 publications

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“…The current treatment strategies for infectious keratitis have limitations, including antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern, and broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for treatment [25]. However, a combination of multiple ophthalmic antimicrobial agents may affect the efficacy of individual drugs [11,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania

Bălășoiu,

Zlatian

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Infectious keratitis is a significant global problem that can lead to corneal blindness and visual impairments. This study aimed to investigate the etiology of infectious bacterial and fungal keratitis, identify the causative pathogens and their antimicrobial resistance patterns, and analyze the risk factors associated with the development of infectious keratitis. The study was observational and retrospective, involving 226 eyes from 223 patients presented at the Ophthalmology Clinic of the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova, Romania. The inclusion criteria included corneal ulceration/abscess/infiltrate present on slit-lamp examination and positive microbiological sampling for bacteria or fungi. The study found that the most common causes of infectious keratitis were coagulase-negative staphylococci (35.40%), Staphylococcus aureus (11.06%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.16%). The Gram-positive bacteria showed high resistance rates to penicillin, moderate rates to gentamycin and clindamycin, and low resistance to chinolones. The Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, while third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, and carbapenems were effective. Systemic antibiotics, such as vancomycine, piperacillin–tazobactam, amikacin, and ceftazidime, show promise against keratitis with low resistance rates, whereas carbapenems and topical aminoglycosides had higher resistance, leaving moxifloxacin as a potential topical option for Gram-positive bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, albeit with resistance concerns for Klebsiella spp. Although fungal keratitis was rare, Fusarium spp. and Candida albicans were the leading fungal pathogens, with incidences of 2.65% and 2.21%, respectively. Candida albicans was broadly susceptible to most antifungals, while Fusarium solani, Curvularia lunata, and Alternaria alternata exhibited resistance to many antifungals. Amphotericin B and caspofungin can be used as systemic antifungals in fungal keratitis. The study also identified risk factors for keratitis such as ocular trauma (65.92%, OR: 2.5), contact lens wear (11.94%, OR: 1.8), and corneal scarring/leukoma (10.17%, OR: 1.6). Keratitis was more frequent in individuals over 60 years old. The findings of this study have implications for the development of effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies for infectious keratitis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania

Bălășoiu,

Zlatian

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Investigation of the Penetration Ability of InP/ZnSe/ZnS 650 Quantum Dots into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye by Topical Application. Experimental Study

Shilovskikh,

Ponomarev,

Kazaykin

et al. 2023

Oftalʹmologiâ

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In connection with the problem of formation of strains of pathogenic microflora resistant to antibacterial drugs, research on the use of nanoparticles, namely quantum dots, has been actively conducted recently. Quantum dots can be used as an anti-infective agent, a means for visualization of intraocular structures, drug delivery, as well as a means for electrical stimulation of the retina. Successful application of quantum dots as an anti-infective agent necessitates the study of their penetrating ability into the anterior chamber. The aim of the study was to experimentally investigate the penetration ability of InP/ZnSe/ZnS 650 QDs in the anterior chamber of the eye at topical application. The object of the study was InP/ZnSe/ZnS 650 quantum dots. The study was carried out on laboratory rabbits (#6), which were divided randomly in pairs into groups. In rabbits #1 and #2 the eyes remained intact, #3 and #4 — a bandage soft contact lens was placed on the cornea of the right eye, #5 and #6 the cornea of the right eye was de-epithelialized. All experimental rabbits during the day 6 times instillation of 10 % solution of InP/ZnSe/ZnS 650 quantum dots was performed, and at the end 0.2 ml of moisture was taken from the anterior chamber of the right eye. The left eyes in all individuals were the control group. Identification of quantum dots into the anterior chamber was performed using a highly sensitive spectrophotometer UV-3600 (Shimadzu). The experimental study of the ability of InP/ZnSe/ZnS 650 quantum dots at topical application to penetrate into the intraocular cavity by the claimed detection methods did not allow their detection in the anterior chamber moisture even in minimal concentration.

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Bacterial Keratitis. Part 2. Topical Aspects of Treatment

Cited by 2 publications

References 55 publications

Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania

Bacterial and Fungal Keratitis in a Tertiary Care Hospital from Romania

Investigation of the Penetration Ability of InP/ZnSe/ZnS 650 Quantum Dots into the Anterior Chamber of the Eye by Topical Application. Experimental Study

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