Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of lower respiratory tract infection among patients attending selected health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Nurahmed, Negash; Kedir, Shemsu; Fantahun, Surafel; Getahun, Muluwork; Mohammed, Ahmed; Awad, Mohammed; Mohammed, Fewzia; Arega, Tassew; Desta, Kassu

doi:10.4103/ejcdt.ejcdt_68_19

Cited by 7 publications

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“…7 Similarly, like most previous study reports in our country and elsewhere, our findings showed that the majority of the isolated etiological agents were Gram-negative bacteria (68%). This finding is compatible with similar studies done in Addis Ababa, 41 Tanzania 45 and Nepal. 17 However, it is different from the study reports in Bahirdar 44 ) and Jimma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…53,54 In this study, Gram negative bacteria showed the highest resistance rate to 67 (88.2%) for tetracycline, 65 (88.2%) for ampicillin and 65 (87.8%) for amoxacillin-clavulinic acid. Similar findings have been reported in previous studies done in Bahirdar, 42 Jimma, 41 Mekele, 21 Nigeria, 43 Nepal 17 and India. 14 This could be due to the drug's long-term overuse, the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, which were developed to resist penicillin, cephalosporins, and monobactams, and the expression of carbapenems, which provides resistance to those -lactams, including carbapenems.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This is comparable with previous studies done in Ethiopia such as Mekelle 43.7%, 21 Jimma 45% 37 and Arbaminch 42.9%, 38 and other parts of the world including Nigeria 42.9% 39 and Nepal 46.6%. 30 The current finding, however, is higher than previous reports from India (16.6% 9 and 17.1%), 43 Malawi 29%, 40 Nepal 39.7% 17 and Ethiopia (32.1% and 40.3%), 41,42 but lower than previous prevalence reports from Nigeria (54.07% and 55.6%) 43,44 and Spain 53.5%. 16 The observed inconsistency might be due to methodological differences, sample size, seasonal variations, or sociodemographic variability of the study participants.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

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Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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Objective: Pneumonia is an opportunistic infection and it is a major cause of mortality and morbidity among human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome-positive patients. Previous studies have shown the dominant pathogens bacterial isolates were K. pneumoniae 27.0%, S. aureus 20.8%, S. pneumoniae 18.8% and E. coli 8.3%. This study aimed to determine bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus patients in the Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2021 at six health facilities in Dessie Town. A total of 378 community-acquired pneumonia patients suspected to be human immunodeficiency virus-positive were recruited using a consecutive sampling technique. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A two-milliliter sputum specimen was collected aseptically from each study participant. Samples were cultivated on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey agar to isolate bacterial pathogens. To identify bacteria pathogens Gram stain, colony morphology and biochemical tests were performed. The Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method was used to perform the antimicrobial susceptibility test. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression analysis was carried out using Statistical package for social science version 25 software. p-value < 0.05 with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered for statistical significance. Result: The overall prevalence of bacterial pneumonia was 175 (46.3%). Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 119 (68%) and the predominant isolates identified were Streptococcus pneumoniae 49 (28%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 46 (26.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 34 (19.4%). There were 148 (84.6%) multidrug-resistant bacteria overall. Statistically significant factors included viral load, cigarette smoking, cluster of differentiation 4 count, alcohol use, World Health Organization clinical stages III and IV and low white blood cell count. Conclusion: The study found that both multidrug resistance and bacterial pneumonia were high. Thus, bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility tests should be routinely performed in health facilities in order to prevent and control the spread of bacterial infection and concurrent drug resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 75%

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Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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“… Study omitted Estimate [95% Conf. Interval] Nurahmed (2020) [ 22 ] 39.5 37.5–41.5 Assefa et al (2022) [ 18 ] 39.0 36.6–41.5 Gebre et al (2021) [ 19 ] 39.6 37.6–41.6 Regasa et al (2015) [ 29 ] 38.7 36.5–40.9 Regasa (2014) [ 31 ] 38.8 36.5–41.0 Tewodros Dessie et al (2021) [ 20 ] 39.1 36.6–41.6 Temesgen et al (2019) [ 17 ] 38.8 36.4–41.4 Gebre Adhanom et al (2019) [ 30 ] 38.6 36.3–40.80 Derbew and yohanns (2020) [ 27 ] 38.9 36.5–41.18 Combined 39.0 36.8–41.2 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no nationally representative data on this aspect. In primary studies bacterial etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia from adult patients, Streptococcus pneumoniae , Klebsiella species, S. aureus, H. influenzae , Pseudomonas species and Acinetobacter species are frequently isolated with different levels of resistance for different antibiotics [ [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Seid,

Tadesse,

Menza

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Pathogenic bacteria recovered from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

Yohannes,

Belachew,

Assefa

et al. 2023

BMC Pulm Med

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Introduction Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) caused by drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a major problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients with clinically suspected LRTIs at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods This institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01 to March 15, 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected by using a structured questionnaire. A total of 254 sputum specimens were collected from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative patients. Bacterial recovery was performed using blood, chocolate, and MacConkey agar plates. Bacterial isolates were identified based on Gram staining, colony characteristics, and biochemical reactions. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance of S. aureus was confirmed using cefoxitin (30 µg). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable and results are shown in tables and figures. Results In this study, the overall sputum culture positivity rate was 145/254 (57.1%). Gram-negative bacteria 111 (64.9%) were predominant compared to Gram-positive bacteria 60 (35.1%). Of the 145 culture-positive cases, 26 (14.8%) had poly-bacterial infections. S. aureus 40 (66.7%) was the predominant Gram-positive bacterium whereas K. pneumoniae 33 (29.7%), was the most isolated Gram-negative bacterium. Bacterial species, such as S. aureus were sensitive to ciprofloxacin 38/40 (95.0%), gentamicin 37/40 (92.5%), cefoxitin 36/40 (90.0%), and clindamycin 34/40 (85.0%). The proportion of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was low, 4(10.0%). S. pneumoniae was sensitive to chloramphenicol 8/9 (88.9%) and resistant to ciprofloxacin 6/9 (66.7%). K pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Serratia species, and H. influenzae also demonstrated high levels of resistance to ampicillin at rates of 21/33 (63.6%), 8/8 (100.0%), 15/17 (88.2%), 7/10 (70.0%), and 6/6 (100.0%), respectively. Conclusion This study revealed a higher burden of Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacterial agents, which is responsible for LRTs. Therefore, routine sputum culture identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing should be performed in Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative patients.

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Bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of lower respiratory tract infection among patients attending selected health centers of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Bacteriology of community-acquired pneumonia, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated risk factors among HIV patients, Northeast Ethiopia: cross-sectional study

Bacterial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia among adult patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pathogenic bacteria recovered from Gene X-pert tuberculosis-negative adult patients in Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia

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