Bacterial translocation and pathogenesis in the digestive tract of larvae and fry

Evaluation of Prebiotic and Probiotic Effects on the Intestinal Gut Microbiota and Histology of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)

“…The result of LAB exposure to the intestine is of high importance as translocation and cell damage have been proposed as important criteria when evaluating the use of probiotics in endothermic animals as well as in fish [16,17]. Recently, the effect of ex vivo LAB exposure on the gut microbiota in fish was documented [13][14][15], but to the authors' knowledge the effect of prebiotic supplementation and ex vivo LAB exposure of the fish intestine has not been investigated.…”

“…The enterocytes within all groups displayed normal cell contacts with unaffected tight junctions and zona adherens. The fact that C. divergens did not inflict damage to the intercellular junction is of vital property since the loosening of these junctions contributes to a paracellular port of entry for potential pathogens [17].…”

“…Furthermore, the same effects, including morphological changes of epithelial cells after ex vivo exposure of the intestinal tract to Carnobacterium divergens, a probiotic bacterium, are investigated by light microscopy and electron microscopy. The result of Carnobacterium exposure is of high importance to evaluate as translocation and cell damage are negative criteria when evaluating the use of probiotics in endothermic animals as well as in fish [16,17]. The 2 nd aim of the present study was to evaluate the bacterial community of the PI and DI of salmon fed control or prebiotic diets, before and after ex vivo exposure to probiotic bacteria, in order to investigate if the indigenous GI tract microbiota is modulated by the different treatments.…”

Dietary Effect of Soybean (Glycine max) Products on Gut Histology and Microbiota of Fish

“…www.intechopen.com Ringø, 2005;Harikrishnan & Balasundaram, 2005;Ringø et al, 2007;2010a). Indeed, numerous studies have reported that exposure of the epithelium to fish pathogens can result in severe tissue damage, characterised by necrotic enterocytes, deteriorated tight junctions, disorganised and damaged microvilli and damage to the lamina propria .…”

Effect of starvation on the type and distribution of mucus cells in the digestive tract of the yellow drum Nibea albiflora (Richardson, 1846)

“…Mucus in fish has a wide range of functions related to feeding, excretion, reproduction, respiration, ionic and osmotic regulation, protection from/resistance to diseases (Hoste, 2001;Smirnova et al, 2003;Ringo et al, 2007;Yan et al, 2007;Schroers et al, 2009). Mucus cells produce glycosylated proteins called mucins and they would be influenced by endogenous factors including sex and developmental stage, as well as exogenous factors such as salinity and low temperature (Franklin, 1990;Borsa et al, 2003;Elliott and Elliott, 2010).…”