Bacteriophage use to control Salmonella biofilm on surfaces present in chicken slaughterhouses

Garcia, Keila Carolina de Ornellas Dutka; Corrêa, Isadora Mainieri de Oliveira; Pereira, Larissa Quinto; Silva, Tarcísio Macedo; Izidoro, André; Bastos, Igor Henrique Vellano; Marietto-Gonçalves, Guilherme Augusto; Okamoto, Adriano Sakai; Filho, Raphael Lúcio Andreatti

doi:10.3382/ps/pex124

Cited by 46 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Conversely, our Salmonella Typhimurium isolates had the highest overall attachment capacity in this study. Studies of Salmonella Heidelberg have generally found it to be an average biofilm former (56,57). In contrast, our data indicated that all Salmonella Heidelberg isolates except R1-0001 and R1-0005 were weak or nonattaching biofilm formers, using the categories and conditions defined by Stepanović et al (24 h of attachment at 35°C; we tested the isolates at 37°C; data not shown) (16).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Heidelberg Food Isolates Associated with a Salmonellosis Outbreak Have Enhanced Stress Tolerance Capabilities

Etter

West

Burnett

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg is currently the 12th most common serovar of Salmonella enterica causing salmonellosis in the United States and results in twice the average incidence of blood infections caused by nontyphoidal salmonellae. Multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Heidelberg resulted from the same poultry processor, which infected 634 people during 2013 and 2014. The hospitalization and invasive illness rates were 38% and 15%, respectively. We hypothesized that the outbreak strains of Salmonella Heidelberg had enhanced stress tolerance and virulence capabilities. We sourced nine food isolates collected during the outbreak investigation and three reference isolates to assess their tolerance to heat and sanitizers, ability to attach to abiotic surfaces, and invasiveness in vitro. We performed RNA sequencing on three isolates (two outbreak-associated isolates and a reference Salmonella Heidelberg strain) with various levels of heat tolerance to gain insight into the mechanism behind the isolates' enhanced heat tolerance. We also performed genomic analyses to determine the genetic relationships among the outbreak isolates. Ultimately, we determined that (i) six Salmonella Heidelberg isolates associated with the foodborne outbreak had enhanced heat tolerance, (ii) one outbreak isolate with enhanced heat tolerance also had an enhanced biofilm-forming ability under stressful conditions, (iii) exposure to heat stress increased the expression of Salmonella Heidelberg multidrug efflux and virulence genes, and (iv) outbreak-associated isolates were likely transcriptionally primed to better survive processing stresses and, potentially, to cause illness. IMPORTANCE This study provides a deep analysis of the intrinsic stress tolerance and virulence capabilities of Salmonella Heidelberg that may have contributed to the length and severity of a recent salmonellosis outbreak. Additionally, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic response of S. enterica strains to heat stress conditions and compares baseline stationary-phase gene expression among outbreak-and non-outbreak-associated Salmonella Heidelberg isolates. These data can be used in assay development to screen isolates for stress tolerance and subsequent survival. This study adds to our understanding of the strains associated with the outbreak and informs ongoing regulatory discussions on Salmonella in poultry.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 50%

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Heidelberg Food Isolates Associated with a Salmonellosis Outbreak Have Enhanced Stress Tolerance Capabilities

Etter

West

Burnett

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Another concern is the efficacy of phages in tackling intracellular pathogens. Nonetheless, it has been reported that phages were successful in preventing salmonellosis (Lazriev et al 1986) and Salmonella biofilm production (Garcia et al 2017). The side effects of phage therapy in the long run remain unknown.…”

Section: Disadvantages Of Phage Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

El‐Shibiny

El-Sahhar

2017

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Since their discovery in 1915, bacteriophages have been used to treat bacterial infections in animals and humans because of their unique ability to infect their specific bacterial hosts without affecting other bacterial populations. The research carried out in this field throughout the 20th century, largely in Georgia, part of USSR and Poland, led to the establishment of phage therapy protocols. However, the discovery of penicillin and sulfonamide antibiotics in the Western World during the 1930s was a setback in the advancement of phage therapy. The misuse of antibiotics has reduced their efficacy in controlling pathogens and has led to an increase in the number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. As an alternative to antibiotics, bacteriophages have become a topic of interest with the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, which are a threat to public health. Recent studies have indicated that bacteriophages can be used indirectly to detect pathogenic bacteria or directly as biocontrol agents. Moreover, they can be used to develop new molecules for clinical applications, vaccine production, drug design, and in the nanomedicine field via phage display.Key words: bacteriophages, antibiotics, biocontrol, infection, pathogenesis.Résumé : Les bactériophages ont été utilisés pour traiter des infections bactériennes chez l'animal et l'humain depuis leur découverte en 1915, à cause de leur capacité unique d'infecter leurs hôtes bactériens spécifiques, sans affecter les autres populations bactériennes. La recherche réalisée dans ce domaine au cours du vingtième siècle, principalement en Géorgie, dans une partie de l'URSS et en Pologne, a mené à l'établissement de protocoles thérapeutiques à partir de phages. Cependant, la découverte de la pénicilline et des antibiotiques sulfamidés au cours des années 1930 a retardé l'avancement de la thérapie par les phages. Le mauvais usage des antibiotiques depuis leur découverte a résulté en une augmentation du nombre de bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques et une réduction de leur efficacité à contrôler d'importants pathogènes. Les bactériophages sont devenus un sujet d'intérêt comme alternative aux antibiotiques avec l'émergence de bactéries multirésistantes qui constituent une menace à la santé publique. Des études récentes ont indiqué que les bactériophages peuvent être utilisés indirectement pour détecter les bactéries pathogènes, ou directement, comme agents de contrôle biologique. De plus, ils peuvent être utilisés pour développer de nouvelles molécules à des fins d'applications cliniques, de production de vaccins, dans la conception de médicaments et dans le domaine de la nanomédecine, par l'exposition sur phage. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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“…compared to polyvinyl chloride surface (PVC). Moreover, S. Enteritidis and S. Heidelberg had stronger biofilm-forming ability than other serovars tested [68].…”

Section: Use Of Bacteriophages As Disinfectantsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry

Żbikowska

Michalczuk

Dolka

2020

Animals

106

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The emergence of multidrug-resistant infections and antibiotic failures have raised concerns over human and veterinary medicine worldwide. Poultry production has had to confront the problems of an alarming increase in bacterial resistance, including zoonotic pathogens. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), campylobacteriosis and salmonellosis have been the most frequently reported human foodborne diseases linked to poultry. This situation has strongly stimulated a renewal of scientists’ interest in bacteriophages (phages) since the beginning of the 21st century. Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria. They are abundant in nature, and accompany bacteria in each environment they colonize, including human microbiota. In this review, we focused on the use of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents to treat infections and reduce counts of pathogenic bacteria in poultry, as biocontrol agents to eliminate foodborne pathogens on/in food, and also as disinfectants to reduce contamination on food-contact surfaces or poultry carcasses in industrial conditions. Most of the phage-based products are targeted against the main foodborne pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Clostridium perfringens. Phages are currently addressed at all stages of the poultry production "from farm to fork", however, their implementation into live birds and food products still provokes discussions especially in the context of the current legal framework, limitations, as well as public health and safety.

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Bacteriophage use to control Salmonella biofilm on surfaces present in chicken slaughterhouses

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Heidelberg Food Isolates Associated with a Salmonellosis Outbreak Have Enhanced Stress Tolerance Capabilities

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Heidelberg Food Isolates Associated with a Salmonellosis Outbreak Have Enhanced Stress Tolerance Capabilities

Bacteriophages: the possible solution to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria

The Use of Bacteriophages in the Poultry Industry

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