Baicalein-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz Leaves Exerts Antioxidant and Inhibitory Effects Against Glioblastoma Multiforme

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant subtype of primary brain cancer. To date, standard clinical treatment for GBM is limited in effectiveness and could impose additional side effects. Recently, numerous bioactive compounds isolated from natural plants appear to have beneficial anti-cancer properties. Here, the GBM inhibitory effect of baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, was evaluated. Firstly, three solvents were used to extract the baicalein. We found that the binary extraction system, using a combination of petroleum ether and methanol (PM), yielded the highest amount of baicalein (15%) compared to the mono extraction system using methanol (13%) or aqueous (0.04%) only. In order to further enhance the baicalein yield in PM crude extract, it was subjected to an enrichment fractionation procedure, which successfully increased the baicalein by nearly two-fold from the initial crude extract (15%) to the enriched fraction 5 (F5) (29%). The enriched F5 not only showed significantly higher (~2.5-fold) antioxidant properties as compared to the crude extract, it was also found to significantly suppress GBM cell proliferation ~2.5-fold better than the crude extract. In conclusion, this study successfully optimized an extraction procedure for increased yield of baicalein metabolite from O. indicum leaves and enhanced its therapeutic potential for GBM treatment.

<p>Synergetic Influence of Bismuth Oxide Nanoparticles, Cisplatin and Baicalein-Rich Fraction on Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Radiosensitization Effects for Clinical Radiotherapy Beams</p>

“…30 The OI leaves extract provides a newly isolated baicalein-rich fraction (BRF) that has been validated to have anti-cancer, anti-virus and anti-oxidant properties. 31,32 While OI leaves extract has been proven to hold the radiosensitizing properties, it is still unknown whether the BRF from the same plant gives the similar effects, as the composition of the compounds from the BRF was different from the OI leaves extracts. Thus, it is interesting to investigate the natural BRF effects with ionizing radiations of clinical RT beams on cancer and normal cells, in comparison to commercial drug and NPs.…”

Gallotannin-Enriched Fraction from Quercus infectoria Galls as an Antioxidant and Inhibitory Agent against Human Glioblastoma Multiforme

“…Our finding is in accordance with the previous report, which stated that all the natural products exist as a complex mixture with other compounds and the biological activities of a plant are usually modulated by a set of related compounds produced by the plant. Despite that these active compounds can be purified for single drug development, they are sometimes better to exert certain biological properties when combined with other natural compounds due to synergic effects [21].…”

“…Gallotannin was extracted from the QI galls based on our previously described methodologies with modifications [10,21]. In brief, 50 g of QI gall powder was weighed and placed in a medium-sized thimble.…”

The Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potentials of Baicalein Extracted from Oroxylum indicum: A Systematic Review

“…The biological activities reported in different parts of the O. indicum plant are mediated by a broad range of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, glycosides, saponin, phenols and quinones found in the O. indicum plant [4][5][6][7][8]. Among them, flavonoids are the major storage components of O. indicum which could be found in almost all parts of the plant using various types of extraction solvents including methanol, ethanol, chloroform, water, and ethyl acetate [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13]. The flavonoids constituents present in O. indicum includes baicalein, baicalein-7-O-glucosice, baicalein-7-O-diglucoside, chrysin, and oroxylin-A [14].…”

“…Baicalein has also been investigated for its inhibitory effects against glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) brain cancer by Kang et al [11]. The research group extracted crude compounds from O. indicum leaves using binary extraction system composed of a combination of petroleum ether and methanol solvents to generate crude extract with 15% of baicalein content.…”