Balanced oral pathogenic bacteria and probiotics promoted wound healing via maintaining mesenchymal stem cell homeostasis

Abstract

Objectives: The homeostasis of oral pathogenic bacteria and probiotics plays a crucial role in maintaining the well-being and healthy status of human host. Our previous study confirmed that imbalanced oral microbiota could impair mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation capacity and delay wound healing. However, the effects of balanced oral pathogenic bacteria and probiotics on MSCs and wound healing are far from clear. Here, the balance of pathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis and probiotics Lactobacillus reuteri extracts was used to investigate whether balanced oral microbiota modulate the physiological functions of MSCs and promote wound healing. Methods: The effects of balanced pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis and probiotics L. reuteri extracts on gingival MSCs (GMSCs) were tested using the migration, alkaline phosphatase activity, alizarin red staining, cell counting kit-8, realtime PCR, and western blot assays. To investigate the role of balanced pathogenic bacteria P. gingivalis and probiotics L. reuteri extracts in the wound of mice, the wounds were established in the mucosa of palate and were inoculated with bacteria every 2 days. Results: We found that the balance between pathogenic bacteria and probiotics enhanced the migration, osteogenic differentiation, and cell proliferation of MSCs. Additionally, local inoculation of the mixture of L. reuteri and P. gingivalis promoted the process of wound healing in mice. Mechanistically, we found that LPS in P. gingivalis could activate NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibit function of MSCs, thereby accelerating MSC dysfunction and delaying wound healing. Furthermore, we also found that reuterin was the effective ingredient in L. reuteri which maintained the balance of pathogenic bacteria and probiotics by neutralizing LPS in P. gingivalis, thus inhibiting inflammation and promoting wound healing. Conclusions: This study revealed that the homeostasis of oral microbiomes played an indispensable role in maintaining oral heath, provided hopeful methods for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases, and had some referential value for other systemic diseases caused by dysfunction of microbiota and MSCs.

A glance on the role of actin in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

“…However, recently, a study on heat-inactivated bacterial pathogens Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes, showed to have increased MSC proliferation and differentiation [150]. Moreover, a balanced approach of probiotics and oral bacteria is proved to increase the MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation [151]. Modification in the actin cytoskeleton during the interaction of certain bacteria and viruses with the cell could be a potential area for the induction of MSC differentiation.…”

Avoidance of milk and dairy products after oral surgery—is such a recommendation still valid? A cross-sectional study among German and international oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dental practitioners with review of the literature

“…Enhanced wound healing, increased collagen production Khodaii, 2019 [20] Animal model study L. reuteri Enhanced collagen production, accelerated wound healing Han, 2019 [21] Animal model study L. reuteri Promoted wound healing through activation of GMSCs Han, 2020 [26] Animal model study L. reuteri Inhibited inflammation and enhanced wound healing through promoting MSCs Mohtashami, 2020 [23] Animal model study L. bulgaricus, L. plantarum Enhanced wound healing Ong, 2020 [24] Animal model study L. plantarum Suppressed Staphylococcus aureus, and thereby improved wound healing Moreira, 2021 [25] Animal model study L. johnsonii, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus Promoted skin wound closure and decreased scar formation and inflammation healing to milk and dairy products [6]. Compared to the international collective, there was a striking difference regarding the sources of information given by OMFS and specialist dentists for oral surgery (Table 8).…”

PANoptosis: A New Insight Into Oral Infectious Diseases

“…demonstrated that P. gingivalis inhibits mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. P. gingivalis inhibits MSC migration, ALP activity, mineralization, and proliferation significantly, whereas NLRP3 inhibitors restore these functions ( 68 ). In addition to MSCs, PDLSCs are ideal candidate cells that drive periodontal tissue regeneration.…”