Ballistic and mechanical characteristics of paraffin-based solid fuels

Regression Rate Characterization of HTPB‐Paraffin Based Solid Fuels for Hybrid Rocket

“…The expansion of these combustion gases increased the pressure level and attained the ramp‐up phase. During the steady‐state operation, the chamber pressure drops towards the end of the burn, which can be ascribed to a change in the fuel mass flow rate caused by the enlargement of fuel port [30]. A similar chamber pressure trend was observed with a blended 40P fuel sample.…”

Combustion performance of hybrid rocket fuels loaded with MgB2 and carbon black additives

“…The regression rate of these blended fuels was found to be less augmented compared to pure paraffin. Our regression rate performance of paraffin-PE blended fuel [19]. The inclusion of nano and micro aluminum additives can improve the structural performance of paraffin-based fuel [20].…”

“…The pure paraffin fuel samples were manufactured as reference fuel for comparison (Table 2). The fuel samples for ballistic performance were casted in a circular-port shape using a typical melt method [19]. The required amount of paraffin wax was heated in a bowl over the electric heater at a temperature of 393 K. The requisite quantity of additives (CB/MgB 2 ), stored under the N 2 environment, was accurately weighed and added to molten paraffin wax.…”

Thermal, Viscosimetric and Thermomechanical Combined Assessment of Mixture Modelled Composite Fuels for Hybrid Propulsion

“…1 and its trace in Figure 3 (b) suggest that increasing amounts of the solid oxidizer would slightly reduce melting enthalpy. This would be beneficial under the fuel melt layer formation viewpoint [18,23] and would possibly counterbalance an increase in dynamic viscosity due to ammonium nitrate loading, as discussed in the next section. In this context, other aspects such as processability and hygroscopicity must be considered as well.…”

“…Accordingly, vaporization enthalpy has been recognized as being inversely proportional to the regression rate for purely polymeric fuels [20][21][22]. Regarding polyethylene-paraffin based fuels, chiefly characterized by melt-layer formation [3], it seems reasonable to state that fuel's melting enthalpy would play, to a considerable extent, the role of vaporization enthalpy in the abovementioned inverse relation, i. e., melt layer development would control regression rate [18,23,24]. Likewise, dynamic viscosity's inverse relation to regression rate has been pointed out for paraffin-based fuels [3,15,25,26] and the possibility of predicting regression rate through viscosity measurements has been raised as well [27,28].…”