“…At the same time, the mode was found to provide a growth rate which was in agreement with Pc5 measurements by both the STARE radar and Geo 2 satellite [Pokhotelov et al, 1986]. Since then, it has become the dominant candidate used to account for the instabilities leading to substorm onset and expansion [see, e.g., Lakhina et al, 1990aLakhina et al, , 1990bRoux et al, 1991;Lui, 1996;Cheng and Lui, 1998;Pritchett and Coroniti, 1999;Miura, 2000Miura, , 2001Cheremnykh et al, 2004;Lui, 2004;Chang et al, 2012].…”