Band Electrodes in Sensing Applications: Response Characteristics and Band Fabrication Methods

Abstract

This review surveys the fabrication methods reported for both single microband electrodes and microband electrode arrays and their uses in sensing applications. A theoretical section on band electrodes provides background information on the structure of band electrodes, their diffusional profiles and the types of voltammetric behaviour observed. A short section summarises the currently available commercial microband electrodes. A section describing recent (10 years) sensing applications using band electrode is also presented.

Real-time monitoring of crystallization from solution by using an interdigitated array electrode sensor

“…Considering the importance of detecting small changes in the current, the same experiments were performed by applying a Faraday cage 21 that decreases the ambient electrical noise. Note that this change in the setup does not allow the use of the optical microscope.…”

“…The IES does not require any advanced material or special processing, as in the case of a graphene FET, [18][19][20][21] hence our results show that this approach can be easily adopted to get new insights into molecular interactions and the interaction of molecules with surfaces, which are at play in many fundamental processes, ranging from interface chemistry, crystallization, materials chemistry, and drugs manufacturing.…”

Visualising electrochemical reaction layers: mediated vs. direct oxidation

“…This fact is easiest exemplified through consideration of the variation of the electrochemical response for an isolated microcylinder electrode, where the current under these conditions is expected to be proportional to the electrode radius to the power of 0.15. 45,46 (see ESI, † Section S5 and Fig. S7c).…”

On-Chip Glucose Detection Based on Glucose Oxidase Immobilized on a Platinum-Modified, Gold Microband Electrode

“…In the present work, we describe a single gold band electrode that is 45 µm in length, 1 µm in width, and has a height of~80-90 nm. This specific type of electrode is commonly referred to as an ultramicroelectrode, as it has at least one dimension that is less than a number of micrometers [11,12]. Ultramicroelectrodes (UME's) have been developed for several applications, including heavy metal detection [13], singlecell electrochemical measurements [14], glucose [15], DNA [16], bacteria [17], and virus detection [18].…”