“…In this concept, researchers evaluated specific keywords within electronic transactions (Chang et al, 2007), characterized transactions based on user behavior (Gaganis, 2009; Hoogs et al, 2007; Rao & Kanchana, 2018), and used programs such as FraudJudger in payment platforms (Deng et al, 2020). In addition to behavior analysis, techniques based on theoretical graph approaches are also employed (Prakash et al, 2019), such as the Neo4j and Cypher query (Sarma et al, 2020). In contrast, numerical and statistical tests can be used to detect suspicious ML activities (Yang & Wei, 2010) using programs based on scan statistics (Liu & Zhang, 2010) and probability models (Jayasree & Balan, 2015).…”