Banoxantrone Coordinated Metal−Organic Framework for Photoacoustic Imaging‐Guided High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Therapy

Abstract

BackgroundPhotoacoustic imaging (PA) with high spatial resolution has great potential as desired monitoring means in the high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) surgery of tumor. However, its penetration depth in the tissue does not meet the clinical needs. Nanomedicine provides a new opportunity for PA imaging to guide HIFU surgery. Our studies found that hypoxic heterogeneity of tumor was effectively reversed by HIFU. MethodsHerein, speci c metal-organic framework nanosystem, constructed by coordination of banoxantrone (AQ4N) and Mn 2+ , is designed based on HIFU to reverse hypoxic heterogeneity of tumor. ResultsIt could provide exogenous light-absorbing substances, thus improves the penetrability of PA imaging signal through the deep tissue and achieves clearer PA imaging for guiding HIFU surgery. In turn, AQ4N, in the hypoxic homogenous environment of tumor provided by HIFU, is activated sequentially to speci cally treat the residual hypoxic tumor cells. ConclusionsThis strategy addresses the dissatisfaction of PA imaging-guided HIFU therapy and is promising for translation into a clinical combination regimen.

Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with N-Oxide Functionalities

“…This system enhances signal penetration through deep tissue, guiding HIFU surgery more accurately. In the hypoxic tumor environment, AQ4N is activated to eliminate residual hypoxic tumor cells …”

“…In the hypoxic tumor environment, AQ4N is activated to eliminate residual hypoxic tumor cells. 149 In addition, hypoxia-induced reduction of polymeric N-oxides has been shown recently to be valuable for drug delivery (vide infra). 14 The properties of N-oxides have also been used to improve Gd-based contrast agents used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).…”

“…AQ4N, for example, has been used recently in combination with photoacoustic therapy, photodynamic therapy, and starvation therapy (Figure ). − …”

Plant-derived nanovesicles as an emerging platform for cancer therapy

“…Among all diseases, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Current clinical treatment option mainly includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy (RT), immunotherapy, gene therapy (GT), high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, magnetic hyperthermia (MHT), as well as the newly emerged photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 . Amongst, surgery is essential for global cancer and more than 80% of cases will need surgery, but how to achieve safe, timely and efficient cancer surgery is challenging 10 , 11 .…”

Metal‐Organic Framework‐Mediated Synergistic Hypoxia‐Activated Chemo‐Immunotherapy Induced by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound for Enhanced Cancer Theranostics

“…[26][27] Moreover, in our previous research, we found that AQ4N had photoacoustic (PA) imaging capabilities. [28] Thus, designing specific AQ4N-loaded nanotheranostics for HIFU surgery is an appealing prospect.…”