Bare footprint metric analysis methods for comparison and identification in forensic examinations: A review of literature

Mukhra, Richa; Krishan, Kewal; Kanchan, Tanuj

doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2018.05.006

Cited by 30 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This method of stature estimation can be used by law enforcement agencies and forensic scientists. The only precaution which should be taken into account is that these formulas are applicable to the population from which the data has been collected since inherent population variations exist in these dimensions, (Mukhra et al, 2018) which may be attributed to genetic and other environmental factors such as climate, nutrition etc. Based on this reasoning, a prerequisite is a regular adequate control of facts (Popovic), as there are evident expectation based on the European sample (Fredriks et al, 2005), which forsee secular changes in stature in the following decades; therefore, all current assumptions are questionable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Shoulder Blade Length Measurements of Montenegrin Adolescents of Both Sexes

Vukotic

Milošević

2021

Int. J. Morphol.

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The purpose of this research is to determine a regression equation for estimation of stature from shoulder blade length measurements. The sample in this research comprised 1001 adolescents, all of whom were in their final year of high school (504 males and 497 females) among the population of Montenegrin adolescents. The stature and shoulder blade length measurements were taken according to the ISAK protocol, and the data were analyzed statistically. Linear regression analysis determined the prediction of and shoulder blade length on the criterion variable a body height at the significance level of p <0.05. These relations are presented by using a scatter diagram (Fig. 2). Thereby, we obtained the coefficient of determination, the multiple correlation coefficients, the partial correlation coefficient, the regression, t-test and standardized beta coefficient. The research study confirmed that shoulder blade length reliably predicts stature in both sexes of Montenegrin adolescents and revealed a very useful finding for physical anthropologists and experts from related fields. It was confirmed that there is a correlation between shoulder blade length and body height (males: 34.3 %, females: 38.8 %). Therefore, shoulder blade length proves to be a reliable predictor for the actual body height estimates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Shoulder Blade Length Measurements of Montenegrin Adolescents of Both Sexes

Vukotic

Milošević

2021

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…The Overlay method [1][2][3]5,10,16,31,[89][90][91] is an entirely different approach for analysing footprints. Instead of drawing lines between defined landmarks of the footprint to measure specific quantitative dimensions, the method instead relies on the tracing of the outline of footprints along with any features in the bare footprint such as crease marks, scars or fine outline detail ( Figure 6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 In this regard, research has been undertaken to ascertain method validity of the linear measurement methods used in footprint examination, which has been systematically reviewed. 2,93 Reel's work on considering the validity and reliability of the other linear measurement methods demonstrated that the Optical Centre method has lower levels of reliability. 55 This was identified when the method was subjected to repeat measurement testing and compared with other approaches, particularly using more rigorous statistical methods such as 95% LOA and 95% SEM which measure absolute reliability as opposed to, for example, the ICC which measure relative reliability.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a crime scene, footprints have the potential to leave behind forensic evidence in the form of marks or impressions on the contact surface, the placing and dimensions of which can be considered in terms of the overall shape, or morphology. 1,2 A bare footprint can also show features from the skin of the plantar surface of the foot, namely papillary ridge detail and crease marks 3,4 and in these cases, a ridge pattern analyst would use this type of detail to demonstrate individuality to either establish or exclude associations with the postulated owner of that footprint. [5][6][7] Determination of the individuality of the human footprint shape for forensic identification purposes has been the subject of many studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and whilst research in this area has indicated that footprint shape may be highly individual or even possibly unique, this is not certain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

<p>Examination and Interpretation of Bare Footprints in Forensic Investigations</p>

Vernon¹,

Reel²,

Howsam³

2020

RRFMS

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While there has been interest in the use of bare footprints in forensic investigations, it is only in recent times that this field has become more established through research and subsequent practice. The work of a footprint examiner is to analyze, compare and evaluate footprint evidence that has been linked to a crime scene, in the form of either bare, socked or insole foot marks. The work is often, although not exclusively, carried out by forensic podiatrists. This review outlines the methods for forensically examining twodimensional footprint evidence, validated by underpinning research, and provides a critique of such. It also provides an overview of past influences, present policy guiding quality frameworks and recommendations for further research in forensic footprint examination.

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“…The sexing of footprints has primarily proceeded by comparison of linear dimensions (e.g., [16][17][18][19][20][21]) and to a lesser extent via shape metrics (e.g., [22,23]). There is a known sex difference in the density of friction ridges on human fingers [24] which has been translated to feet in recent studies (e.g., [25][26][27]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexing white 2D footprints using convolutional neural networks

et al. 2021

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Footprints are left, or obtained, in a variety of scenarios from crime scenes to anthropological investigations. Determining the sex of a footprint can be useful in screening such impressions and attempts have been made to do so using single or multi landmark distances, shape analyses and via the density of friction ridges. Here we explore the relative importance of different components in sexing two-dimensional foot impressions namely, size, shape and texture. We use a machine learning approach and compare this to more traditional methods of discrimination. Two datasets are used, a pilot data set collected from students at Bournemouth University (N = 196) and a larger data set collected by podiatrists at Sheffield NHS Teaching Hospital (N = 2677). Our convolutional neural network can sex a footprint with accuracy of around 90% on a test set of N = 267 footprint images using all image components, which is better than an expert can achieve. However, the quality of the impressions impacts on this success rate, but the results are promising and in time it may be possible to create an automated screening algorithm in which practitioners of whatever sort (medical or forensic) can obtain a first order sexing of a two-dimensional footprint.

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Bare footprint metric analysis methods for comparison and identification in forensic examinations: A review of literature

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Shoulder Blade Length Measurements of Montenegrin Adolescents of Both Sexes

Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Shoulder Blade Length Measurements of Montenegrin Adolescents of Both Sexes

<p>Examination and Interpretation of Bare Footprints in Forensic Investigations</p>

Sexing white 2D footprints using convolutional neural networks

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