Barite-rich massive sulfides from the Semenov-1 hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 13°30.87′ N): Evidence for phase separation and magmatic input

Melekestseva, I. Yu.; Tret'yakov, G A; Nimis, Paolo; Yuminov, Anatoly M.; Масленников, В. В.; Масленникова, С. П.; Kotlyarov, V. A.; Bel’tenev, V. E.; Danyushevsky, Leonid V.; Large, Ross R.

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2013.12.013

Cited by 65 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…Their clastic nature is mainly indicated by cutting-off of their textural pattern and zoning, as well as by the similarity of their internal structure with that of larger sulfide clasts (Figure 3). The colloform, radial, and concentric-zonal structures and the mineralogical composition are similar to those of colloform, porous, and massive Ba-rich sulfides from the adjacent Semenov-1 hydrothermal field [4].…”

Section: Textures Structures and Mineralogy Of Sulfide Brecciasmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…[28]). Chalcopyrite inclusions in pyrite-marcasite clasts are most likely of primary hydrothermal origin similar to numerous chalcopyrite inclusions in Fe-rich massive sulfides from the adjacent Semenov-1 hydrothermal field [4]. The acicular chalcopyrite crystals and zoned crystalline intergrowths with sphalerite and bornite resemble the fragments of black smoker chimneys [3,[55][56][57].…”

Section: Textures Structures and Mineralogy Of Sulfide Brecciasmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Over the recent decades, great progress has been achieved in understanding trace element behavior in sulfide minerals from oceanic hydrothermal fields [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. One of the reasons has been the development of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and its application in mineral geochemistry [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Most studies of oceanic hydrothermal fields concern the geochemistry of sulfides from smoker chimneys, diffusers, and massive or colloform ores, which are the result of medium-to high-temperature hydrothermal processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concern about environmental hazards (even for exploration of inactive hydrothermal fields) and the relatively small sizes, tonnages and grades of seafloor sulfide bodies compared to many on-land VHMS deposits [9,[20][21][22][23] have generated skepticism about the real mining potential of marine resources, although first steps have already been made to approach their possible exploitation [24,25]. In seafloor hydrothermal sites, the valuable base and precious metals are mostly contained in Cu-(Fe) (chalcopyrite, isocubanite, covellite and related minerals) and Zn (sphalerite, wurtzite) sulfides, but Fe sulfides make up a significant part of both seafloor and subseafloor ores [4,10,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. This circumstance should be taken into account during seafloor mining and extraction of valuable components, since pyrite can host up to a few percents of Cu and Zn, as well as noticeable contents of As, Co, Ni, Se, Hg, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide Breccias from the Semenov-3 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Authigenic Mineral Formation and Trace Element Pattern

et al. 2018

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The aim of this paper is the investigation of the role of diagenesis in the transformation of clastic sulfide sediments such as sulfide breccias from the Semenov-3 hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge). The breccias are composed of marcasite–pyrite clasts enclosed in a barite–sulfide–quartz matrix. Primary hydrothermal sulfides occur as colloform, fine-crystalline, porous and radial marcasite–pyrite clasts with inclusions or individual clasts of chalcopyrite, sphalerite, pyrrhotite, bornite, barite and rock-forming minerals. Diagenetic processes are responsible for the formation of more diverse authigenic mineralization including framboidal, ovoidal and nodular pyrite, coarse-crystalline pyrite and marcasite, anhedral and reniform chalcopyrite, inclusions of HgS phase and pyrrhotite–sphalerite–chalcopyrite aggregates in coarse-crystalline pyrite, zoned bornite–chalcopyrite grains, specular and globular hematite, tabular barite and quartz. The early diagenetic ovoid pyrite is enriched in most trace elements in contrast to late diagenetic varieties. Authigenic lower-temperature chalcopyrite is depleted in trace elements relative to high-temperature hydrothermal ones. Trace elements have different modes of occurrence: Se is hosted in pyrite and chalcopyrite; Tl is related to sphalerite and galena nanoinclusions; Au is associated with galena; As in pyrite is lattice-bound, whereas in chalcopyrite it is related to tetrahedrite–tennantite nanoinclusions; Cd in pyrite is hosted in sphalerite inclusions; Cd in chalcopyrite forms its own mineral; Co and Ni are hosted in chalcopyrite.

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Section: Textures Structures and Mineralogy Of Sulfide Brecciasmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Textures Structures and Mineralogy Of Sulfide Brecciasmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sulfide Breccias from the Semenov-3 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Authigenic Mineral Formation and Trace Element Pattern

et al. 2018

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“…This implies that there is an ultramafic influence on Au and Ni enrichment in pyrite from Kairei. However, the ultramafic-hosted Semyenov-1 showed lower Ni concentrations that were associated with higher Au and As concentrations (averages of 33.1 ppm Au and 510 ppm As; Table 3; Figure 9), Melekestseva et al (2014) [46] suggested that a mafic substrate might contribute to those elements in the Semyenov-1. Clearly, investigations on the trace element behavior in other ultramafic-hosted sites, such as Rainbow, Ashadze and others, are needed to verify this observation.…”

Section: Comparison With Mafic-and Ultramafic-hosted Sms Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Metal Distribution in Sulfide Minerals from Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems: Examples from the Kairei Vent Field, Central Indian Ridge

et al. 2018

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The ultramafic-hosted Kairei vent field is located at 25°19′ S, 70°02′ E, towards the Northern end of segment 1 of the Central Indian Ridge (CIR-S1) at a water depth of ~2450 m. This study aims to investigate the distribution of trace elements among sulfide minerals of differing textures and to examine the possible factors controlling the trace element distribution in those minerals using LA-ICP-MS spot and line scan analyses. Our results show that there are distinct systematic differences in trace element distributions throughout the different minerals, as follows: (1) pyrite is divided into three types at Kairei, including early-stage euhedral pyrite (py-I), sub-euhedral pyrite (py-II), and colloform pyrite (py-III). Pyrite is generally enriched with Mo, Au, As, Tl, Mn, and U. Pyrite-I has high contents of Se, Te, Bi, and Ni when compared to the other types; py-II is enriched in Au relative to py-I and py-III, but poor in Ni; py-III is enriched in Mo, Pb, and U but is poor in Se, Te, Bi, and Au relative to py-I and py-II. Variations in the concentrations of Se, Te, and Bi in pyrite are most likely governed by the strong temperature gradient. There is generally a lower concentration of nickel than Co in pyrite, indicating that our samples precipitated at high temperatures, whereas the extreme Co enrichment is likely from a magmatic heat source combined with an influence of serpentinization reactions. (2) Chalcopyrite is characterized by high concentrations of Co, Se, and Te. The abundance of Se and Te in chalcopyrite over the other minerals is interpreted to have been caused by the high solubilities of Se and Te in the chalcopyrite lattice at high temperatures. The concentrations of Sb, As, and Au are relatively low in chalcopyrite from the Kairei vent field. (3) Sphalerite from Zn-rich chimneys is characterized by high concentrations of Sn, Co, Ga, Ge, Ag, Pb, Sb, As, and Cd, but is depleted in Se, Te, Bi, Mo, Au, Ni, Tl, Mn, Ba, V, and U in comparison with the other minerals. The high concentrations of Cd and Co are likely caused by the substitution of Cd2+ and Co2+ for Zn2+ in sphalerite. A high concentration of Pb accompanied by a high Ag concentration in sphalerite indicates that Ag occurs as Pb–Ag sulfosalts. Gold is generally low in sphalerite and strongly correlates with Pb, suggesting its presence in microinclusions of galena. The strong correlation of As with Ge in sphalerite from Kairei suggests that they might precipitate at medium temperatures and under moderately reduced conditions. (4) Bornite–digenite has very low concentrations of most trace elements, except for Co, Se, and Bi. Serpentinization in ultramafic-hosted hydrothermal systems might play an important role in Au enrichment in pyrite with low As contents. Compared to felsic-hosted seafloor massive sulfide deposits, sulfide minerals from ultramafic-hosted deposits show higher concentrations of Se and Te, but lower As, Sb, and Au concentrations, the latter often attributed to the contribution of magmatic volatiles. As with typical ultramafic-hosted seafloor massive sulfide deposits, Se enrichment in chalcopyrite from Kairei indicates that the primary factor that controls the Se enrichment is temperature-controlled mobility in vent fluids.

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Barite from the Saf’yanovka VMS deposit (Central Urals) and Semenov-1 and Semenov-3 hydrothermal sulfide fields (Mid-Atlantic Ridge): a comparative analysis of formation conditions

et al. 2015

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Hydrothermal and diagenetic barites from colloform and clastic pyrite-rich ores from the weakly metamorphic Saf'yanovka volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit (Devonian, Central Urals) were studied in comparison with barite from similar modern seafloor deposits from the mid-Atlantic Ridge (Semenov-1 and Semenov-3 hydrothermal fields). Hydrothermal barites from all the studied deposits exhibit similar morphology: they occur as tabular crystals or their aggregates. In contrast, diagenetic barite from clastic ores of the Saf'yanovka deposit occur as compact aggregates of deformed, broken, or slightly curved tabular crystals with stylolite boundaries. The variable Sr contents in the studied barites show no relationship with the genetic types. The average δ 34 S values of hydrothermal barite from both ancient and modern colloform sulfides (+22.9 ‰, Saf'yanovka deposit; +21.2‰, Semenov-1 field) match those of Silurian-Devonian and contemporary seawater, respectively. The lower δ 34 S of hydrothermal barite from clastic sulfides of the Semenov-3 field (+19.6 ‰), which is associated with high-Se, high-temperature chalcopyrite, indicates light sulfur contribution from oxidation of fluid H 2 S. The higher average δ 34 S of diagenetic barite from clastic

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Barite-rich massive sulfides from the Semenov-1 hydrothermal field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 13°30.87′ N): Evidence for phase separation and magmatic input

Cited by 65 publications

References 90 publications

Sulfide Breccias from the Semenov-3 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Authigenic Mineral Formation and Trace Element Pattern

Sulfide Breccias from the Semenov-3 Hydrothermal Field, Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Authigenic Mineral Formation and Trace Element Pattern

Trace Metal Distribution in Sulfide Minerals from Ultramafic-Hosted Hydrothermal Systems: Examples from the Kairei Vent Field, Central Indian Ridge

Barite from the Saf’yanovka VMS deposit (Central Urals) and Semenov-1 and Semenov-3 hydrothermal sulfide fields (Mid-Atlantic Ridge): a comparative analysis of formation conditions

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