Barone R., Simoes P. — Anatomie comparée des mammifères domestiques, Paris, Vigot édit., 2010, 7, Neurologie 2, 836 p

Parodi, André-Laurent

doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)32028-x

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…EMG results have shown that amongst the tested feeding postures, the SM muscle activity level is highest when the horse is eating off the ground and particularly when it is grazing. This observation is coherent with the functional anatomy of the SM muscle mentioned previously 23,24 . Unlike the C1C2 nerve, traditionally used for selective laryngeal reinnervation in horses, once grafted to the CAD muscle the spinal accessory nerve should ensure repeated stimulations of the muscle when the horse is eating off the ground, particularly when grazing, and maintain a minimal muscle volume at rest even in the absence of training 21 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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Laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve: Electromyographic study of the sternomandibularis muscle

Schweitzer¹,

Mespoulhès-Rivière

Möller

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Background: Selective laryngeal reinnervation using the first and second cervical nerve (C1C2) is a treatment option for recurrent laryngeal neuropathy that aims to restore the function of the cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (CAD) muscle. Despite the technique's satisfying success rate, it has several limitations. These triggered the search for another potential donor nerve that could reduce CAD muscle fatigue and shorten rehabilitation. The ventral branch of the spinal accessory nerve, providing motor innervation to the sternomandibularis (SM) muscle, was identified as a potentially well-adapted nerve. Objectives: To gather normative data from SM muscle activity induced by physiological spinal accessory nerve stimulation at rest and during exercise, and to determine SM muscle activity and fibre type recruitment relative to posture, gait and respiratory cycle. Study design: Clinical observational study. Methods: Surface electromyography (EMG) of the SM muscle was performed in nine horses: trained warmbloods, Thoroughbreds and Standardbreds. Signals were recorded in different feeding postures and at exercise, which included standardised treadmill exercise tests, lungeing and ridden work.Results: Timing of the SM muscle contraction coincided with inspiration at gallop. Intra-individual mean SM muscle activity increased with exercising speed (four times higher in Thoroughbreds at gallop than walk and seven times higher in Standardbreds at high-speed trot than walk). Moreover, the SM muscle was strongly activated at rest when the horse was grazing (seven times more than when it was eating out of a hay net or stable feeder). Frequency domain analysis revealed a predominant type I muscle fibre recruitment during feeding and at exercise (type I muscle fibre activity was at least 2.5 times higher than type II muscle fibre activity).Main limitations: Lack of reference data on equine EMG.Conclusions: This study confirmed the potentially advantageous properties of the spinal accessory nerve for laryngeal reinnervation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…After running alongside the vagus nerve, the external branch separates in a dorsal and ventral branches. The ventral branch receives a sensory branch from the second cervical nerve, then crosses the carotid artery and courses ventrally towards the SM muscle, where it terminates 24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve: Electromyographic study of the sternomandibularis muscle

Schweitzer¹,

Mespoulhès-Rivière

Möller

et al. 2022

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Although detailed histological studies of the rabbit spleen were not performed, it has been described in standard anatomic references as a dark red-brown organ. 7,[13][14][15][16][17] The spleen of all mammals is composed of two histologically distinguished compartments. The red pulp acts as a red blood cell depot and is functionally linked to erythrocyte and iron metabolism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomographic features of the normal spleen in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)

Chernev,

Procter,

Isaac

et al. 2023

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Computed tomography is commonly utilized for investigation of rabbits, and more recently, for evaluating abdominal pathology. The spleen, however, is an often‐overlooked organ, with limited information published. The aims of this retrospective, observational, study were to document the visibility, size, and shape of the normal rabbit spleen and potential correlations with signalment. Institutional imaging archives were reviewed for diagnostic‐image‐quality abdominal CT studies of rabbits. . In 115 cases, the inclusion criteria were met. Pre‐ and postcontrast CT studies were evaluated by two reviewers for visibility of the spleen. For precontrast CT images, the interrater agreement for identification of the spleen was fair. For postcontrast CT images, interrater agreement was moderate . There were significantly more spleens clearly identified on postcontrast studies compared with precontrast CT . Splenic location, volume, shape, X‐ray attenuation, and length were measured, and the splenic‐volume‐to‐body‐weight ratio was calculated. The mean splenic volume was 1 mL (range 0.2–3.9 mL), mean length 40 mm (range 20–61 mm), mean attenuation (precontrast CT 80 HU and postcontrast CT 320 HU), and mean splenic volume/body weight ratio was 0.5 mL/kg (range 0.17–1.2 mL/kg). There was a significant relationship between splenic volume and body weight , which was weakly positively correlated . There was no correlation between splenic volume, age, and sex. The most commonly identified splenic shapes were “banana”, “tongue”, and “elephant trunk”. The rabbit spleen can be identified on CT images, but more reliably on postcontrast CT images, which underlines the usefulness of contrast‐enhanced CT in this species.

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“…The mesencephalon, the pons (from the metencephalon), and the medulla oblongata (from the myelencephalon) together form a functional unit which is the brainstem (e.g., Barone & Bortolami 2004). From this structure, 12 "cranial nerves" exit.…”

Section: I3 Nervous Imprints and Exits (Figs 3 7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical correlates and nomenclature of the chiropteran endocranial cast

Maugoust

Orliac

2023

The Anatomical Record

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Bats constitute a diverse group of mammals highly specialized toward active flight and ultrasound echolocation. These adaptations reflect on their morpho-anatomy and have been tentatively linked to brain morphology and volumetry. Despite their small size and delicateness, bat skulls and natural braincase casts have been preserved in the fossil record and allow for investigating brain evolutionary history and inferring paleobiology. Recent progresses in imaging techniques now allow for virtually extracting internal structures, assuming that the shape of internal cavity casts reflects soft organ morphology. Such a correspondence is not straightforward regarding the braincase cast ("endocast"), because meninges and vascular tissues surround the brain in living organisms and the resulting endocast morphology is a mosaic of the marks left by all these tissues. The hypothesis that the endocast reflects the brain in terms of both external shape and volume has drastic implications when addressing brain evolution, but has been little discussed. To date, a single work addressed the correspondences regarding brain and braincase in bats. Here, taking advantage of the advent of imaging techniques, we review the anatomical, neuroanatomical, and angiological literature and compare the available knowledge of bat's braincase anatomy to a sample of endocranial casts representing most modern bat families. Such comparison allows for proposing a Chiroptera-scale nomenclature for future descriptions and comparisons of bat endocasts. This also encourages further works to formally test what is hypothesized here.

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Barone R., Simoes P. — Anatomie comparée des mammifères domestiques, Paris, Vigot édit., 2010, 7, Neurologie 2, 836 p

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve: Electromyographic study of the sternomandibularis muscle

Laryngeal reinnervation using the spinal accessory nerve: Electromyographic study of the sternomandibularis muscle

Computed tomographic features of the normal spleen in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus)

Anatomical correlates and nomenclature of the chiropteran endocranial cast

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