Barriers to women’s access to decision-making positions in sport organizations: the case of establishing a girls’ volleyball academy in Israel

Opportunities and barriers that females face for study and employment in sport

“…One idea, that pervaded all focus groups, was having to work harder against gender stereotypes and having to prove capability in male-dominated careers, suggesting that there is gender discrimination and bias to overcome. This finding of having to work harder is similar to those reported by other researchers (Betzer-Tayar et al, 2017;Burton et al, 2012;Harris et al, 2015;Kilty, 2006;LaVoi & Dutove, 2012;Norman, 2010;Walker & Bopp, 2010;Whaley & Krane, 2012). These opinions prevailed even in the focus groups of graduates, who had, on the whole, achieved success.…”

“…Furthermore, women feel that they need to compromise on their values and beliefs and to suppress their sexuality, in order to avoid being labelled as too political, too feminist, or too unfeminine (Burton et al, 2011a(Burton et al, , 2011bEagly & Karau, 2002;Kamphoff, 2010;Kane & LaVoi, 2018;Keats, 2017;Kilty, 2006;Koca & Öztürk, 2015;Norman, 2010;Norman & Rankin-Wright, 2018). Females often feel they have to work harder or prove themselves in a sporting environment (Betzer-Tayar, Zach, Galily, & Henry, 2017;Burton et al, 2012;Kilty, 2006;Norman, 2010;Norman & Rankin-Wright, 2018;Walker & Bopp, 2010). For instance, female sport management students felt that they had to work twice as hard to prove themselves, and to overcome the stereotypical belief that women knew nothing about sport and were better at more nurturing-type roles (Harris et al, 2015).…”

Does the Next Generation of Sports Leaders Perceive the Presence of the Glass Ceiling and the Need to Shatter It? Insights of Undergraduate Students

“…Kay & Shipman (2014) elaborated on this finding by noting that women have a greater tendency to minimize their accomplishments and sabotage their confidence, unlike their male counterparts. Some women counter these perceptions by feeling the need to further prove themselves to their colleagues by working longer hours and taking on more arduous assignments (Betzer-Tayar et al, 2017;Burton et al, 2012;Kilty, 2006;Norman, 2010;Norman & Rankin-Wright, 2018;Walker & Bopp, 2010). Other researchers (Burton, 2015;Forsyth et al, 2019;Kay & Shipman, 2014;Moreau & Leathwood, 2006) have suggested that women frequently put limits on their advancement (e.g., not applying for senior leadership roles believing that they lack the qualifications) which also explain the discrepancy in representation in the executive suites.…”

Kepemimpinan Pelatih Wanita dalam Cabang Olahraga Beladiri: Tantangan dan Hambatan dalam Kontek Kearifan Lokal

“…Penelitian tentang wanita dan olahraga beladiri sangat terbatas, padahal cabang olahraga beladiri sangat beragam apalagi jika ditinjau dari sisi kearifan lokal. Beberapa penelitian sudah dilakukan namun cabang olahraganya lebih banyak yang mengarah pada cabang permainan bolavoli terutama peran wanita dalam mengambil kebijakan dan analisis dari pendirian klub olahraga (Betzer-Tayar, et al, 2015), atlet bolabasket wanita lebih menyukai pelatih laki-laki (Kalin & Waldron, 2014). Kondisi yang ada di Indonesia sekarang ini, kompetisi olahraga wanita sudah cukup beragam baik cabang olahraga permainan maupun beladiri, namun demikian dalam cabang olahraga bela diri wanita yang terlibat dalam pelatihan cabang olahraga bela diri sangatlah minim.…”