Basal cell carcinoma- a prospective clinico epidemiological and pathological study

Abstract

Background: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the skin worldwide. The objective was to find out the age and sex incidence of basal cell carcinoma in patients attending the outpatient department of dermatology and to find out the various clinical and histopathological features of basal cell carcinoma.Methods: It was a prospective observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Patients with clinical diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma were included in the study after thorough history, clinical examination, routine and special investigations like skin biopsy.Results: Out of 20 patients with basal cell carcinoma 6 were males and 14 were females with a male to female ratio of 1:2.33. Most commonly affected age group was 50-70 years (70%). Distribution of BCC in our study was confined to head and neck area. Most common morphological subtype encountered in this study was nodular/nodulo-ulcerative BCC (70%), followed by pigmented type (25%) and superficial BCC (5%). The most common histological variant observed in present study was nodular type (55%), followed by pigmented variant (25%), adenoid (5%), basisquamous (5%), superficial BCC (5%) and BCC with sebaceous differentiation (5%).Conclusions: This study highlights a paradoxically increasing trend of BCC with female predilection. Early detection and treatment of lesions are crucial to decrease the functional and cosmetic disfigurement and also this study highlights the importance of improving awareness among general practitioners, public health workers and general population.

Clinicopathologic and Histomorphological Aspect of Basal Cell Carcinoma in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis of Twenty Years Experience

“…Descriptive analysis of low-risk single subtype BCC showed that nodular subtypes were the most prevalent (49.2%). These results are consistent with various previous studies (43-55% 12,29 ). The superficial subtypes in this study were 2.3% (previous study 5-8.12% 12,30 ) and infundibulocystic 0.1% (previous study 5% 12 ).…”

“…In this study, the proportion of patients suffering from BCC was higher in females (57.3%) with a ratio of 1.34:1. This result is in line with research in Poland and India which states that women are more exposed to BCC with a ratio of 1.3:1 11 and 2.3:1 12 , respectively.…”

“…However, the number of females suffering from BCC is increasing, such as in India, which has similar regional characteristics to Indonesia according to WHO region grouping. 12 Indonesia's demographic characteristics are similar to India's, where females experience significant cumulative high-intensity UV exposure related to outdoor work, such as cooking in an open kitchen, farming, and trading in traditional markets. Another factor is that male and female skin differ substantially in their structure and biology.…”

When to suspect a non-melanoma skin cancer

“…Nodular basal cell carcinomas are the most common subtype, accounting for around 50-70% of basal cell carcinomas 16. They typically have a rolled edge, telangiectasia, and a central depression, with or without erosion or ulceration (fig 3).…”

“…Superficial basal cell carcinomas account for about 5% of basal cell carcinomas16 and typically present as a slow growing scaly pink patch (fig 4).…”