Based on Principles and Insights of COVID-19 Epidemiology, Genome Sequencing, and Pathogenesis: Retrospective Analysis of Sinigrin and ProlixinRX (Fluphenazine) Provides Off-Label Drug Candidates

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So far, no approved therapy has been developed to halt the spread of the pathogen, and unfortunately, the strategies for developing a new therapy will require a long time and very extensive resources. Therefore, drug repurposing has emerged as an ideal strategy toward a smart, versatile, quick way to confine the lethal disease. In this endeavor, natural products have been an untapped source for new drugs. This review represents the confederated experience of multidisciplinary researchers of 99 articles using several databases: Google Scholar, Science Direct, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. To establish the hypothesis, a Bayesian perspective of a systematic review was used to outline evidence synthesis. Our docking documentation of 69 compounds and future research agenda assumptions were directed toward finding an effective and economic anti-COVID-19 treatment from natural products. Glucosinolate, flavones, and sulfated nitrogenous compounds demonstrate direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity through inhibition protease enzymes and may be considered potential candidates against coronavirus. These findings could be a starting point to initiate an integrative study that may encompass interested scientists and research institutes to test the hypothesis in vitro, in vivo, and in clinics after satisfying all ethical requirements.

Drug Repositioning by Merging Active Subnetworks Validated in Cancer and COVID-19

“…Within the first twenty positions, further 5 drugs are in clinical trials for COVID-19: colchicine, chlorpromazine, propofol, tretinoin, and ivermectin. Among the top ten positions in the ranking we find drugs with known effects animal models or cell lines or proposed for further scrutiny in silico screenings: thioridazine [Otręba et al, 2020], prochlorperazine [Kow and Hasan, 2020], primaquine [Sachdeva et al, 2020], fluphenazine [Nazeam et al, 2020].…”

Antiviral perspectives of economically important Indian medicinal plants and spices

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that 80% of the world population has started relying on medicinal plants for their primary health care. Due to their low cost and easy availability, phytochemicals are increasingly important in developing new medication candidates (Mukherjee, 2019 ; Nazeam et al, 2020 ). Numerous studies have explored antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of various classes of phytochemicals extracted from these medicinal plants.…”

Azithromycin Treatment in COVID-19 is Not Associated with Clinical Course Shortening, But it Is Associated with a Reduction in Mortality. A Case Control-Study Paired By Sex, Age Group, Chronic Diseases and Severity

“…On the other hand, it must be taken into account that the strategies to develop a new therapy will require a lot of time and very extensive resources. Therefore, drug reuse has become an ideal strategy towards a smart, versatile and rapid way of possible COVID-19 treatments [6,7]. In any case, tools are needed to keep people alive, improve symptoms, and reduce the duration and severity of illness.…”