“…8,10,[14][15][16][17] In some cases, membrane-active AMPs employ cell-penetrating rather than permeabilizing properties to kill cells: after translocating across cell membranes, they damage intracellular targets. 16,[18][19] We recently identified significant differences in permeabilization strengths between piscidin 1 (p1, FFHHIFRGIVHVGKTIHRLVTG) and piscidin 3 (p3, FIHHIFRGIVHAGRSIGRFLTG), two homologous and α-helical AMPs from fish. 16,[37][38][39][40][41][42] The peptides are differentially-expressed, with p3, the less hemolytic isoform, more preponderant in vascularized tissues.…”