Basic Concepts of MR Imaging, Diffusion MR Imaging, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Figueiredo, Eduardo; Borgonovi, Arthur Felipe; Doring, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/j.mric.2010.10.005

Cited by 86 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a promising technique (73) that is capable of detecting the apparent diffusion coefficient of tissue water (ADC). Tissues with high cellularity display low ADC as the movement of water molecules in the interstitial space is restricted, whereas tissues with low cellularity, for example, necrotic tissue, have a high ADC.…”

Section: ϫ12mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Imaging Primer: Modalities, Imaging Agents, and Applications

James

Gambhir

2012

Physiological Reviews

966

954

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Molecular imaging is revolutionizing the way we study the inner workings of the human body, diagnose diseases, approach drug design, and assess therapies. The field as a whole is making possible the visualization of complex biochemical processes involved in normal physiology and disease states, in real time, in living cells, tissues, and intact subjects. In this review, we focus specifically on molecular imaging of intact living subjects. We provide a basic primer for those who are new to molecular imaging, and a resource for those involved in the field. We begin by describing classical molecular imaging techniques together with their key strengths and limitations, after which we introduce some of the latest emerging imaging modalities. We provide an overview of the main classes of molecular imaging agents (i.e., small molecules, peptides, aptamers, engineered proteins, and nanoparticles) and cite examples of how molecular imaging is being applied in oncology, neuroscience, cardiology, gene therapy, cell tracking, and theranostics (therapy combined with diagnostics). A step-by-step guide to answering biological and/or clinical questions using the tools of molecular imaging is also provided. We conclude by discussing the grand challenges of the field, its future directions, and enormous potential for further impacting how we approach research and medicine.

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Section: ϫ12mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Molecular Imaging Primer: Modalities, Imaging Agents, and Applications

James

Gambhir

2012

Physiological Reviews

966

954

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…l 1 is defined as the diffusivity along the longitudinal orientation parallel to the muscle fibres. 21 Meanwhile, l 2 and l 3 are assumed to represent the diffusivity within the endomysium along the perpendicular orientation to the muscle fibres, and l 3 is associated with the diameter of a single muscle fibre.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diffusion tensor imaging in evaluation of thigh muscles in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis

Ai¹,

Yu²,

Gao³

et al. 2014

BJR

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Objective: To explore the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) characteristics of thigh muscles in patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM). Methods: 12 patients with known PM/DM and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Both DTI and conventional MR sequences were performed on both thighs of all subjects. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA) and three eigenvalues were compared between the PM/DM group and the healthy group. One-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test were used for statistical analyses with a significance of p , 0.05. Results: In the healthy group, the vastus intermedius muscle showed the highest ADC value and the gracilis (GA) muscle showed the lowest ADC value. These results were statistically significant when compared with other muscles (p , 0.05). The GA, semi-tendinosus and semimembranosus muscles showed higher FA values than the other three thigh muscles (p , 0.05). The mean ADC value and three eigenvalues of oedematous muscles in the PM/DM group were higher on average and showed a statistically significant difference when compared with unaffected (non-oedematous muscles in patients) and normal muscles ( p , 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the mean FA value between oedematous and normal muscles. The mean ADC, FA and three eigenvalues in unaffected muscles (in patients) showed no statistical differences from those in normal muscles ( p . 0.05). Conclusion: DTI can be used to quantitatively evaluate the anisotropic diffusion characteristics of muscles in patients with PM/DM. Advances in knowledge: A new application of DTI is proposed for inflammatory myopathies. The results show that ADC and the three eigenvalues were significantly different between diseased and normal muscles, a finding of potential value in both diagnosis and treatment monitoring of myopathies.Polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) are two common idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. In the past, the diagnosis of PM/DM depended primarily on clinical features, enzyme levels within the blood, electromyogram and muscle biopsies.1-3 Recently, MRI has been proven to be valuable in evaluating patients with PM/DM. 4-6 Using traditional sequences, MRI is able to detect muscle oedema and fat infiltration/fatty replacement in muscles, with high spatial resolution and superior soft-tissue contrast compared with other imaging modalities. [7][8][9] However, conventional MR techniques, such as T 2 weighted imaging and short tau inversion recovery, are limited to providing qualitative information, as opposed to quantitative information, which is important for the early detection of inflammatory changes in these diseases. The findings of PM/DM on traditional MRI images are non-specific, making it difficult to distinguish PM/DM from other myopathies on MRI. In addition, the muscular microstructure needs to be evaluated for staging and therapy monitoring in clinical practice.Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an advanced functional MRI technique that has been used to eval...

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“…An inverse relationship has been demonstrated between the amount of diffusion and cellular density of the tissue. Diffusion is inhibited in tissues with excess cellular density, and under conditions where a high signal is obtained in DW-MRI, diffusion increases and a low signal is observed when the cellular density is low (19).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and follow-up of stroke, and its use has been accelerated by the in other parts of the body using of rapid MRI sequences such as echo-planar imaging (18,19). DW-MRI can be used in all MRI devices, with 1.5 Tesla and above.…”

Section: Dw-mri Was First Used In Cranial Imaging In the Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of dynamic and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating malignant and benign portal vein thrombosis

Koç¹

2018

J Turgut Ozal Med Cent

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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of dynamic and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the differentiation of benign from malignant thrombus in patients diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis. Material and Methods: A total of 56 patients were analyzed, 27 with benign and 29 with malignant thrombus on abdomen dynamic and DW MRI. The b-value of DW MRI was 400 and 1,000 mm2/sec. ADC of portal vein thrombosis was measured. Characteristics of the DW MRI signal were recorded. Contrast imaging of the thrombus was performed. The diameter of the portal vein was measured.

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Basic Concepts of MR Imaging, Diffusion MR Imaging, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Cited by 86 publications

References 18 publications

A Molecular Imaging Primer: Modalities, Imaging Agents, and Applications

A Molecular Imaging Primer: Modalities, Imaging Agents, and Applications

Diffusion tensor imaging in evaluation of thigh muscles in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis

The role of dynamic and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating malignant and benign portal vein thrombosis

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