Basic mechanisms of itch

Miséry, Laurent; Pierre, Ophélie; Lebonvallet, Nicolas; Chernyshov, Pavel V; Garrec, Raphaële Le; Talagas, Matthieu

doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2023.05.004

Cited by 31 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 188 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is the case of acne vulgaris, a dermatological disease caused by altered keratinization, androgen-induced sebum, inflammation and Propionibacterium acne colonization [ 23 ]. Patients with atopic dermatitis, driven by the JAK pathway, are highly exposed to Staphylococcus aureus that contributes to the generation of an inflammatory state, where pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-13, 31 and 33) are massively released [ 24 ]. Clinically, psoriasis can exhibit highly inflammatory, pustular or erythrodermic forms.…”

Section: Main Pathological Conditions Linked To Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation

Russo,

Lombardo,

Bruschetta

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic inflammation is the result of an acute inflammatory response that fails to eliminate the pathogenic agent or heal the tissue injury. The consequence of this failure lays the foundations to the onset of several chronic ailments, including skin disorders, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and, eventually, cancer. In this context, the long-term use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs to treat chronic illnesses cannot be tolerated by patients owing to the severe side effects. Based on this, the need for novel agents endowed with anti-inflammatory effects prompted to search potential candidates also within the plant kingdom, being recognized as a source of molecules currently employed in several therapeutical areas. Indeed, the ever-growing evidence on the anti-inflammatory properties of dietary polyphenols traced the route towards the study of flavonoid-rich sources, such as Citrus bergamia (bergamot) and its derivatives. Interestingly, the recent paradigm of the circular economy has promoted the valorization of Citrus fruit waste and, in regard to bergamot, it brought to light new evidence corroborating the anti-inflammatory potential of bergamot byproducts, thus increasing the scientific knowledge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to gather the latest literature supporting the beneficial role of both bergamot derivatives and waste products in different models of inflammatory-based diseases, thus highlighting the great potentiality of a waste re-evaluation perspective.

show abstract

Section: Main Pathological Conditions Linked To Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation

Russo,

Lombardo,

Bruschetta

et al. 2024

Nutrients

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Examples of these neuropeptides include the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) [73][74][75][76][77]. In PN patients, scratching or neuronal activity leads to the activation of sensory nerves through both histaminergic and non-histaminergic pathways, initiating the release of these neuropeptides [62,78,79]. There is growing evidence pointing to the dysregulation of these neuropeptides, notably CGRP and SP, in the pathophysiology of PN (Figure 1).…”

Section: Neural Dysregulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prurigo Nodularis: Pathogenesis and the Horizon of Potential Therapeutics

Yook,

Lee

2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chronic pruritus that lasts for over 6 weeks can present in various forms, like papules, nodules, and plaque types, with prurigo nodularis (PN) being the most prevalent. The pathogenesis of PN involves the dysregulation of immune cell–neural circuits and is associated with peripheral neuropathies, possibly due to chronic scratching. PN is a persistent and challenging condition, involving complex interactions among the skin, immune system, and nervous system. Lesional skin in PN exhibits the infiltration of diverse immune cells like T cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and mast cells, leading to the release of inflammatory cytokines and itch-inducing substances. Activated sensory nerve fibers aggravate pruritus by releasing neurotransmitters, perpetuating a vicious cycle of itching and scratching. Traditional treatments often fail, but recent advancements in understanding the inflammatory and itch transmission mechanisms of PN have paved the way for innovative therapeutic approaches, which are explored in this review.

show abstract

“…The neurotrophins brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) play important roles in itch caused by neuro-immune interactions. Notable effects of these neurotrophins are their role in increased responsiveness of peripheral neurons to normal or sub-threshold afferent stimulations ( Misery et al, 2023 ). BDNF is thought to be released by pruritogen-stimulated skin resident immune cells and binds to trkB which results in sprouting of peripheral nerves ( Weihrauch et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Peripheral Neural Sensitization In Chronic Itchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Itch: from the skin to the brain – peripheral and central neural sensitization in chronic itch

Mahmoud,

Oladipo,

Mahmoud

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Similar to chronic pain, chronic itch is frequently linked to neural sensitization, a phenomenon wherein the nervous system becomes hypersensitive to stimuli. This process of neural sensitization of chronic itch is orchestrated by various signaling pathways and mediators in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. At the level of the peripheral nervous system, inflammation and neuroimmune interactions induce plastic changes to peripheral nerve fibers, thereby amplifying the transmission of itch signaling. Neural sensitization in the central nervous system occurs at both the spinal cord and brain levels. At the level of the spinal cord, it involves hyperactivity of itch-activating spinal pathways, dysfunction of spinal inhibitory circuits, and attenuation of descending supraspinal inhibitory pathways. In the brain, neural sensitization manifests as structural and functional changes to itch-associated brain areas and networks. Currently, we have a diverse array of neuroimmune-modulating therapies targeting itch neural sensitization mechanisms to help with providing relief to patients with chronic itch. Itch research is a dynamic and continually evolving field, and as we grow in our understanding of chronic itch mechanisms, so will our therapeutic toolbox. Further studies exploring the peripheral and central neural sensitization mechanisms in the context of chronic itch are needed.

show abstract

Basic mechanisms of itch

Cited by 31 publications

References 188 publications

Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation

Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation

Prurigo Nodularis: Pathogenesis and the Horizon of Potential Therapeutics

Itch: from the skin to the brain – peripheral and central neural sensitization in chronic itch

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About