Basic Principles of Planning VAR Control on the American Electric Power System

Nagel, Theodore J.; Vassell, Gregory S.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1968.292044

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These goals can be achieved with the planning of adequate and effective VAr control. The structural and operational aspects of an ESI play an important role in planning of VAr support and control (Nagel and Vassell, 1968). In the vertically integrated utilities, it is an obligatory duty of the utility to provide adequate VAr supply and control at various nodes for maintaining the required reliability standards and the cost of this has been charged as an upliftment in the transmission charge to electricity customers.…”

Section: Reactive Power Support In Power Systems and Its Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on reactive power management in electricity markets

Parida

Srivastava

Singh

2011

International Journal of Energy Sector Management

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PurposeThe main purpose behind this work is to explore the methods already proposed in various literatures to overcome the issues associated with VAr management in a competitive environment. Managing reactive power support service in competitive electricity market environment has become an important constituent of ancillary services. The characteristics of VAr generation/absorption do not allow its transmission over a long distance. The issues associated with the localized nature of reactive power must be considered during the valuation, planning, pricing and allocation of VAr producing/absorbing resources. In this review work, the key issues associated with the reactive support and the techniques used to tackle these issues in various utilities across the globe are been discussed in brief. In the literature, numerous renowned authors propose various methods to manage reactive power with various types of structural and operational scenarios. These methods are also discussed briefly in this paper. The experience with VAr management in some matured electricity market is also discussed in this paper.Design/methodology/approachDiscussion of various issues associated with reactive power management and methods/techniques to overcome these, has been carried out in this paper. The methods were proposed in various literatures related to reactive power management by some of the renowned authors and adopted by various electric utilities.FindingsThe review work may be useful for utilities to develop a quick insight on reactive support services to control the voltage profile and also, it may be a useful asset for the researchers working in this area.Originality/valueThe paper is organized with different sections to elaborate the issues and associated methods. This paper is a single piece of work, which addresses reactive power planning, pricing for VAr support, market issues and valuation of VAr utilization.

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Section: Reactive Power Support In Power Systems and Its Planningmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on reactive power management in electricity markets

Parida

Srivastava

Singh

2011

International Journal of Energy Sector Management

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“…This, of course, results from the inherent shuntcapacitive and series-inductive characteristics of the transmission lines. For this reason planning of reactive power supply is subject to a greater range of system variables [1 ] . For long-range power system transmission planning, VAR compensation is an important aspect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltampere reactive compensation using chance-constrained programming

Sharaf¹,

Berg²

1982

IEE Proc. C Gener. Transm. Distrib. UK

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A new technique is developed for solving the voltampere reactive (VAR) compensation problem under uncertain operating conditions. The technique employs chance-constrained programming (CCP), and transforms the problem into a standard linear programming problem. In providing optimal allocation of VAR support, busbars with unacceptably high probability of violating voltage limits are identified and assigned appropriate chance-constraints. Two cases are considered using the new technique. In the first case, capacitive compensation is evaluated for peak load conditions. Inductive compensation is considered in the second case, assuming light load conditions. The method in its general form can be applied in cases where there is uncertainty with respect to equipment cost and/or the coefficients of the voltage-magnitude/reactive power relationships. Normal distributions are not necessary conditions and, if desired, dependent variates can be assumed. The method has been applied to the AEP 30-busbar test system for both heavy and light load conditions, and sample results are presented in the paper. IntroductionKiloVARs, as well as kilowatts, must be provided to the customer as part of a utility's electricity service, and the analysis of the technically most desirable and economically most attractive way to supply this reactive power requirement is one of the system planner's objectives. Whereas the kilowatts can be supplied only from an energy source or power plant, kilovars are automatically produced as well as consumed by the electric network itself. This, of course, results from the inherent shuntcapacitive and series-inductive characteristics of the transmission lines. For this reason planning of reactive power supply is subject to a greater range of system variables [1 ] . For long-range power system transmission planning, VAR compensation is an important aspect. In the past, load-flow studies, trial and error and engineering judgment have been combined in planning the reactive requirement. More recently optimisation techniques have been introduced to select the best alternative in supplying reactive power using linear, nonlinear, continuous or discrete programming [2][3][4].In long-range planning, there is uncertainty inherent in demand projections, equipment and fuel costs, and available rights of way. Recognising the importance of these uncertainties, the authors have found that chance-constrained programming [5-9] is a suitable technique for solving the VAR compensation planning problem. Although the technique in its general form can be applied to a problem with all the previous uncertainties, only voltage magnitude variation resulting from uncertainty in demand projection is considered in this paper.The significance of the new approach is that it accounts for those voltage deviations likely to occur because of uncertain operating conditions, and the probability levels provide a measure of the degree of confidence in meeting the voltage specifications. These advantages are not provided by the VAR allocation techniq...

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