Basic Science Review: Statin Therapy-Part I: The Pleiotropic Effects of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease

Sadowitz, Benjamin; Maier, Kristopher G.; Gahtan, Vivian

doi:10.1177/1538574410362922

Cited by 134 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 117 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

114

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…SIM is widely used for cardiovascular diseases [40] . However, statins have pleiotropic therapeutic effects including vasodilatory, antithrombotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive actions [41] . Mundy was first reported statins as potent stimulators of bone formation invitro.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Role of Simvastatin on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Injury in Adult Albino Rat

Elsaid

Sadek

2017

Egyptian Journal of Histology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is a folic acid antagonist and chemotherapeutic agent widely used in cancer treatment. It is used as first line therapy in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MTX was known to cause bone defects in the form of reduced mineral density (BMD) and bone fractures. Simvastatin (SIM) is widely used for cardiovascular diseases. Aim of Work: To investigate the possible protective role of SIM on MTX induced bone injury in rats. Material and Methods: Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups; Control group, SIM-treated group, MTX group and MTX + SIM group. MTX was given by subcutaneous injection as 0.65 mg/kg/day for two separate 5 days. SIM was administered orally as 25 mg/kg/day one month prior to and during the MTX course. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for levels of osteocalcin (OSC) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). All rats were sacrificed and specimens from their femurs were examined. Results: examination of MTX group showed marked thinning of the periosteum, and widening of bone marrow spaces. There was an apparent decrease in the number of osteocytes, together with an apparent increase in the number of osteoclasts. There was a significant decrease in the serum level of OSC together with a highly significant increase in the serum level of ALP in the MTX group as compared to the control group. On administration of SIM with MTX, there was marked improvement in most of the histological and serological parameters. Conclusion: SIM could be used as a protective measure for MTX-induced bone defects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Role of Simvastatin on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Injury in Adult Albino Rat

Elsaid

Sadek

2017

Egyptian Journal of Histology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hypercholesterolaemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and statin therapy has led to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality from adverse cardiac events, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease [140,141]. Statins block the enzyme necessary for the production of L-mevalonate, an intermediary product in cholesterol synthesis.…”

Section: Statinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choroidal Vessel Wall: Hypercholesterolaemia-Induced Dysfunction and Potential Role of Statins

Sebastián¹,

Corral²,

Montañana³

et al. 2012

Current Basic and Pathological Approaches to the Function of Muscle Cells and Tissues - From Molecules to Humans

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…27) it reported that the effect of statins decreasing the number of macrophages is associated with decreased VCAM-1 expression, higher VSMC content in the plaque. [28][29][30] Our data show that the effects of 3,4-DHAP are similar to simvastatin, decreasing the expressions of VCAM-1 mRNA and protein and the number of macrophage, and increasing VSMCs in rabbit aortic plaques.…”

Section: 4-dhap Attenuates Aortic Plaque Vulnerability By Decreasinmentioning

confidence: 54%

Effects of 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone on the Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Atherosclerotic Rabbits

Zhang

Liu

Wang

et al. 2013

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is one herbal extract from bald Mao-dong-qing leaves. We reported that 3,4-DHAP had anti-inflammatory function by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in macrophages. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of 3,4-DHAP on plasma and liver lipids, plasma alanine aminotranferase (ALT) and TNF-α level, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression, plaque vulnerability and vascular inflammation in hypercholesterolemia-induced atherosclerotic rabbits. Male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into negative control, positive control, 3,4-DHAP and simvastatin groups. From weeks 2 to 12, the rabbits were treated with 3,4-DHAP or simvastatin. At weeks 12, all the animals were sacrificed. Plasma lipids and ALT were measured using the enzymatic endpoint method. Plasma TNF-α was measured using enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA). Liver lipids concentrations were estimated using commercial kits. The expression of VCAM-1 was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. Histological analysis was used to evaluate the pathologic changes of rabbit aortas. The results showed that 3,4-DHAP markedly lowered plasma and liver lipids, lowered plasma ALT and TNF-α levels compared with the positive control group. VCAM-1 mRNA and protein were markedly inhibited by 3,4-DHAP. Decreased aortic plaque instability was evident in 3,4-DHAP-treated rabbits, as demonstrated by a thickened elastic layer, increased vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) accumulation in the plaques, less neointima hyperplasia and macrophages recruitment. 3,4-DHAP may attenuate the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and stabilize plaques by lowering plasma lipids, the number of macrophages and the expression of VCAM-1, while increasing the number of VSMCs in the atherosclerotic plaques. Key words 3,4-dihydroxyacetophenone; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1; atherosclerosisAtherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease.1) Atherosclerosis associated with the rupture of vulnerable plaque is the main cause of cardiovascular events. The characteristics of vulnerable plaque include a large lipid core, thin fibrous cap, inflammation and immune cell activation.2) Growing evidence shows that macrophages play a pivotal role in all stages of atherosclerosis. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) can strength the adhesion of leukocytes to vascular wall, promote leukocytes entering intima, transforming into macrophages. 3)Evidence is accumulating that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is the principal risk factor for atherosclerosis, and it is identified as the primary target for cholesterol-lowering therapy.4) Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is one of the most important mediators of inflammation and may mediate endothelial dysfunction. 5,6)3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone (3,4-DHAP) is extracted from herb; clinical experiments and pharmacological studies of it have been on for many years in coronary heart disease, pregnancy-induced hypertension synd...

show abstract

Basic Science Review: Statin Therapy-Part I: The Pleiotropic Effects of Statins in Cardiovascular Disease

Cited by 134 publications

References 117 publications

The Protective Role of Simvastatin on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Injury in Adult Albino Rat

The Protective Role of Simvastatin on Methotrexate-Induced Bone Injury in Adult Albino Rat

Choroidal Vessel Wall: Hypercholesterolaemia-Induced Dysfunction and Potential Role of Statins

Effects of 3,4-Dihydroxyacetophenone on the Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Atherosclerotic Rabbits

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About