Basic Thermoregulation

Cooper, K. E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60946-6_111

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…, Mg 2? , urea, nitrogenous compounds, lactic acid, small amounts of glucose, and iron (Cooper 1996;Greger 1996). Water evaporates from the skin at an approximate rate of 600 mL per day (Guyton 1981).…”

Section: Appendix 2: Excretion and Secretion Of Carbon By Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human carbon budget: an estimate of the spatial distribution of metabolic carbon consumption and release in the United States

et al. 2009

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Carbon dioxide is taken up by agricultural crops and released soon after during the consumption of agricultural commodities. The global net impact of this process on carbon flux to the atmosphere is negligible, but impact on the spatial distribution of carbon dioxide uptake and release across regions and continents is significant. To estimate the consumption and release of carbon by humans over the landscape, we developed a carbon budget for humans in the United States. The budget was derived from food commodity intake data for the US and from algorithms representing the metabolic processing of carbon by humans. Data on consumption, respiration, and waste of carbon by humans were distributed over the US using geospatial population data with a resolution of *450 9 450 m. The average adult in the US contains about 21 kg C and consumes about 67 kg C year -1 which is balanced by the annual release of about 59 kg C as expired CO 2 , 7 kg C as feces and urine, and less than 1 kg C as flatus, sweat, and aromatic compounds. In 2000, an estimated 17.2 Tg C were consumed by the US population and 15.2 Tg C were expired to the atmosphere as CO 2 . Historically, carbon stock in the US human population has increased between 1790 and 2006 from 0.06 Tg to 5.37 Tg. Displacement and release of total harvested carbon per capita in the US is nearly 12% of per capita fossil fuel emissions. Humans are using, storing, and transporting carbon about the Earth's surface. Inclusion of these carbon dynamics in regional carbon budgets can improve our understanding of carbon sources and sinks.

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Section: Appendix 2: Excretion and Secretion Of Carbon By Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human carbon budget: an estimate of the spatial distribution of metabolic carbon consumption and release in the United States

et al. 2009

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“…From the perspective of temperature, the body can be divided into two broad regions, the internal “core” consisting of the central nervous system and viscera, and the external “shell” consisting of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and limbs [43]. While core temperature is actively maintained, varying little from a set range, shell tissue is sensitive to environmental conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral vs. Core Body Temperature as Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons Degenerate: Exercise Mitigates Increased Heat Loss

Sun

Tisdale

Yamashita

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Hypocretins/Orexins (Hcrt/Ox) are hypothalamic neuropeptides implicated in diverse functions, including body temperature regulation through modulation of sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone. In the current study, we measured subcutaneous (Tsc) and core (Tb) body temperature as well as activity in a conditional transgenic mouse strain that allows the inducible ablation of Hcrt/Ox-containing neurons by removal of doxycycline (DOX) from their diet (orexin-DTA mice). Measurements were made during a baseline, when mice were being maintained on food containing DOX, and over 42 days while the mice were fed normal chow which resulted in Hcrt/Ox neuron degeneration. The home cages of theorexin-DTA mice were equipped with running wheels that were either locked or unlocked. In the presence of a locked running wheel, Tscprogressively decreased on days 28 and 42 in the DOX(-) condition, primarily during the dark phase (the major active period for rodents). This nocturnal reduction in Tscwas mitigated when mice had access to unlocked running wheels. In contrast to Tsc, Tbwas largely maintained until day 42 in the DOX(-) condition even when the running wheel was locked. Acute changes in both Tscand Tbwere observed preceding, during, and following cataplexy. Our results suggest that ablation of Hcrt/Ox-containing neurons results in elevated heat loss, likely through reduced sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone, and that exercise may have some therapeutic benefit to patients with narcolepsy, a disorder caused by Hcrt/Ox deficiency. Acute changes in body temperature may facilitate prediction of cataplexy onset and lead to interventions to mitigate its occurrence.

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“…and the "core" includes by skull, abdomen, thorax, etc. (Cooper, 1996). Because numerous jobs in the agricultural sector are physically demanding, the body of farmers usually produces significant surplus heat.…”

Section: Extreme Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Climate Change Associated Hazards on Agricultural Workers and Approaches for Assessing Heat Stress and Its Mitigation Strategies – Review of Some Research Significances

Patel¹,

Banik²

2021

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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Basic Thermoregulation

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

The human carbon budget: an estimate of the spatial distribution of metabolic carbon consumption and release in the United States

The human carbon budget: an estimate of the spatial distribution of metabolic carbon consumption and release in the United States

Peripheral vs. Core Body Temperature as Hypocretin/Orexin Neurons Degenerate: Exercise Mitigates Increased Heat Loss

Effect of Climate Change Associated Hazards on Agricultural Workers and Approaches for Assessing Heat Stress and Its Mitigation Strategies – Review of Some Research Significances

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