Batch Adsorption of Safranin Dye from an Aqueous Solution of Balanites aegyptiaca Seed Coats

Abstract

This study was aimed at using Balanite aegyptiaca seed coats activated carbon (BAAC) as a potential adsorbent to remove safranin dye from aqueous solution. BAAC was prepared from Balanite aegyptiaca seed coats using a one-step procedure with 67.27% yield, 3.23% ash content, 695 m2/g surface area and 203 mg/g iodine number. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed O-H, N-H, C-H, C=C, C-O-H stretching vibrations. The influences of agitation time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dose were studied in batch experiments at room temperature. The adsorptions were rapid at the first 15 minutes of agitation, with the uptake of 2.746 mg/kg. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved at 90 minutes of agitation. Kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficient for both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetics model but fitted well into pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption data fitted well into Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient (R2) very close to unity and Langmuir maximum adsorption constant, qm 1.00. Thus, the fitting into Langmuir indicates monolayer coverage on the adsorbents. The results showed that BAAC has the potential to be applied as alternative low-cost adsorbents in the remediation of dye contamination in wastewater.

Eco-Friendly Detoxification of Congo Red Dye from Water by Citric Acid Activated Bioadsorbents Consisting of Watermelon and Water Chestnuts Peels Collected from Indigenous Resources

“…Figure 10 displays the biosorption removal of CGR as follows: 73.5% on PWM at 125 rpm and 97.2% on its citric acid-modified form CPWM at 125 rpm, whereas 75.7% on native PWC at 125 rpm and 92.9% on its amended formulation at CPWC at 125 rpm, indicating the effective adsorption performance of chemically treated adsorbents as compared to their untreated forms. During the experiments, it was found that fast agitation speeds generated a thin layer of CGR molecules from the bulk on the surface interface of each adsorbent, which directly decreased the adsorption performance and increased the desorption of CGR [32]. The decrease in percentage adsorption of CGR at high agitation speeds of 125 rpm on CPWM and CPWC and 150 rpm on unmodified adsorbents PWM and PWC is also due to the fast and increased number of collisions of dye molecules on the adsorbent surfaces.…”

“…Afterward, 10 mL of each filtrate was titrated by using 0.1 M Na 2 S 2 O 3 as a standard solution, and the following equation was used to calculate the adsorbed iodine by each sample, PWM, and PWC: (7) Iodine number mg . g − 1 = B − S B × V . M W × 253.81 , where the molar mass of I 2 is 253.81 gmol -1 , W is the mass of adsorbent, and B is the volume of iodine solution without adsorbent sample, while S is the sample solution. V and M are volumes of filtrate and molar volume of I 2 solution, respectively [31, 32].…”

“…where the molar mass of I 2 is 253.81 gmol -1 , W is the mass of adsorbent, and B is the volume of iodine solution without adsorbent sample, while S is the sample solution. V and M are volumes of filtrate and molar volume of I 2 solution, respectively [31,32].…”

“…CGR molecules from the bulk on the surface interface of each adsorbent, which directly decreased the adsorption performance and increased the desorption of CGR [32]. The decrease in percentage adsorption of CGR at high agitation speeds of 125 rpm on CPWM and CPWC and 150 rpm on unmodified adsorbents PWM and PWC is also due to the fast and increased number of collisions of dye molecules on the adsorbent surfaces.…”

Removal of methylene blue using balanites aegyptiaca bark powder as low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent

“…The potential application of Balanites aegyptiaca for removing water pollutants has been investigated recently. In this regard, activated carbon derived from Balanites aegyptiaca shells was successfully used for the adsorptive of methylene blue (Najem et al, 2019) and safranin dyes from the aqueous solutions (Magaji et al, 2020). In another study, untreated Balanites aegyptiaca seeds were used as a biosorbent for the removal of caffeine from the aquatic environment (N'diaye and Kankou, 2019).…”