Battery 2<sup>nd</sup> life: Presenting a benchmark stationary storage system as enabler for the global energy transition

Gohla-Neudecker, B.; Maiyappan, V. S.; Juraschek, S.; Mohr, Steve

doi:10.1109/iccep.2017.8004799

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The technical feasibility, economics, and environmental impact of using second-life batteries are also investigated under different applications. The world's first battery energy storage system comprising secondlife batteries from BMW i3 sets a cornerstone for future reliable energy storage systems [88]. A combination of estimation techniques for battery SOH and cost analysis tools is required for a comprehensive techno-economic assessment that would also keep in sight the concept of useful lifetime extension of second-life batteries.…”

Section: Economic Assessment Considering Battery Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of second-life batteries based on techno-economic perspective and applications-based analysis

et al. 2023

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The penetration of electrical vehicles (EVs) is exponentially rising to decarbonize the transport sector resulting in the research problem regarding the future of their retired batteries. Landfill disposal poses an environmental hazard, therefore, recycling or reusing them as second-life batteries (SLBs) are the inevitable options. Reusing the EV batteries with significant remaining useful life in stationary storage applications maximizes the economic benefits while extending the useful lifetime before recycling. Following a critical review of the research in SLBs, the key areas were identified as accurate State of Health (SOH) estimation, optimization of health indicators, battery life cycle assessment including repurposing, End-Of-Life (EOL) extension techniques and significance of first-life degradation data on ageing in second-life applications. The inconsistencies found in the reviewed literature showed that the absence of degradation data from first as well as second life, has a serious impact on accurate remaining useful life (RUL) prediction and SOH estimation. This review, for the first time, critically surveyed the recent studies in the field of identification, selection and control of application-based health indicators in relation to the accurate SOH estimation, offering future research directions in this emerging research area. In addition to the technical challenges, this paper also analyzed the economic perspective of SLBs, highlighting the impact of accuracy in second-life SOH estimation and RUL extension on their projected revenue in stationary storage applications. Lack of standard business model based on future market trends of energy and battery pricing and governing policies for SLBs are identified as urgent research gaps.

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Section: Economic Assessment Considering Battery Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of second-life batteries based on techno-economic perspective and applications-based analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Global, ongoing, custom second use projects are listed in the second life storage database [64]. In Europe, second use, especially on the battery cell level, is uncommon due to the high effort and labour costs for repurposing [65].…”

Section: Second Use Storage Systems In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Stationary, Second Use Battery Energy Storage Systems and Their Applications: A Research Review

Faessler

2021

Energies

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The global demand for electricity is rising due to the increased electrification of multiple sectors of economic activity and an increased focus on sustainable consumption. Simultaneously, the share of cleaner electricity generated by transient, renewable sources such as wind and solar energy is increasing. This has made additional buffer capacities for electrical grids necessary. Battery energy storage systems have been investigated as storage solutions due to their responsiveness, efficiency, and scalability. Storage systems based on the second use of discarded electric vehicle batteries have been identified as cost-efficient and sustainable alternatives to first use battery storage systems. Large quantities of such batteries with a variety of capacities and chemistries are expected to be available in the future, as electric vehicles are more widely adopted. These batteries usually still possess about 80% of their initial capacity and can be used in storage solutions for high-energy as well as high-power applications, and even hybrid solutions encompassing both. There is, however, no holistic review of current research on this topic. This paper first identifies the potential applications for second use battery energy storage systems making use of decommissioned electric vehicle batteries and the resulting sustainability gains. Subsequently, it reviews ongoing research on second use battery energy storage systems within Europe and compares it to similar activities outside Europe. This review indicates that research in Europe focuses mostly on “behind-the-meter” applications such as minimising the export of self-generated electricity. Asian countries, especially China, use spent batteries for stationary as well as for mobile applications. In developing countries, off-grid applications dominate. Furthermore, the paper identifies economic, environmental, technological, and regulatory obstacles to the incorporation of repurposed batteries in second use battery energy storage systems and lists the developments needed to allow their future uptake. This review thus outlines the technological state-of-the-art and identifies areas of future research on second use battery energy storage systems.

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“…The studies focus on analyzing the behavior of reused batteries vs new batteries of different chemical compounds, the results show that the use of these batteries in stationary systems is possible with good results [5]. If we consider that SBL systems with lithium-ion batteries are currently being implemented in different countries and show high efficiency and are less expensive, it is due to a high presence of Electric vehicles in these countries [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. But if we compare them with our country, the greatest presence of batteries in the recycling process is that of hybrid vehicles based on NiHm, which allows us to generate an alternative for reuse in energy storage systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Second Life of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Batteries Methodology of Implementation in Ecuador

Palomeque¹,

Hiedra²,

Cordero³

et al. 2022

Management and Applications of Energy Storage Devices

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Hybrid car sales in Ecuador in the last 10 years are very promising. The presence of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in the country generates an increase in nickel metal hydride batteries used (NiHm), these batteries do not follow an adequate recycling and disposal process. Several studies show that these batteries have energy levels and that they can be reused in other applications outside of the car as a power supply. This option of using recovered batteries is known as the second life of the battery (SLB). The reuse of batteries generates options to supply power on a large scale and with this reduce the pollution that these batteries can generate, especially in our country that does not have an optimal recycling process. This chapter presents the design of a methodology for the implementation of second life in Ecuador considering the use of NiHm batteries in HEV. For the design of the methodology, two possible scenarios for its implementation are analyzed. Scenario 1 is the use of NiHm batteries to supply energy to laboratories of a University in the city of Cuenca and scenario 2 shows the use of NiHm batteries as an additional energy source at the Airport of Santa Cruz present in the Galapagos Islands.

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Battery 2^nd life: Presenting a benchmark stationary storage system as enabler for the global energy transition

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

A survey of second-life batteries based on techno-economic perspective and applications-based analysis

A survey of second-life batteries based on techno-economic perspective and applications-based analysis

Stationary, Second Use Battery Energy Storage Systems and Their Applications: A Research Review

The Second Life of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Batteries Methodology of Implementation in Ecuador

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Battery 2nd life: Presenting a benchmark stationary storage system as enabler for the global energy transition

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

A survey of second-life batteries based on techno-economic perspective and applications-based analysis

A survey of second-life batteries based on techno-economic perspective and applications-based analysis

Stationary, Second Use Battery Energy Storage Systems and Their Applications: A Research Review

The Second Life of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Batteries Methodology of Implementation in Ecuador

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Product

Resources

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Battery 2^nd life: Presenting a benchmark stationary storage system as enabler for the global energy transition