Battery Energy Storage Technologies for Sustainable Electric Vehicles and Grid Applications

Abstract

The energy consumption in worldwide has been increasing rapidly, due to increase in world population. This energy consumption growth is apparently impacting on the environment and the society. This has accelerated the development and deployment of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) harvesting technologies and facilities. The global electricity production by RES by the end of 2016 is accounted to 24.4%. This increase in RES has highlighted the next big challenge, storage of energy when demand is lower than the supply. There are many energy storage technologies existing from decades. Battery technologies have the highest cost reduction potential at the moment. Battery technologies are delivering significant advances in a wide range of industries, from electrical vehicles to renewable power. From the discovery of electrical energy, there is a great need to store the electrical energy generated for use on demand. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) is used to store the excess electricity when a power production is greater than consumption. ESS play very important role for off-grid storage applications to back up Renewable Energy such as Solar and Wind power, used by people who live or work in remote areas. Electrical energy can be stored in different forms including Electrochemical-Batteries, Kinetic Energy-Flywheel, Potential Energy-Pumped Hydro, and Compressed Air (CAES). This paper gives the current state of battery storage technologies, its main challenges, its applications and actions for future.

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