BCG Aortitis, a Rare Complication of BCG Therapy

Haddad, Joseph; Rieu, Hortense Chalret du; Ducasse, Éric; Bérard, Xavier; Caradu, Caroline

doi:10.1016/j.ejvsvf.2023.02.003

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…This infection has been observed to spread through the lymphatics or hematogenous pathways and can lead to granulomatous pneumonia, hepatitis, and dermatological, and ophthalmic manifestations. Additionally, cases of aortic BCG infection have been found resulting in aneurysm formation and potential rupture and death if left untreated [24]. Some patients, albeit very few, may develop severe, life-threatening sepsis with disseminated Although BCG is first-line therapy and considered safe to use, BCG has been shown to have many side effects that greatly affect treatment adherence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG and Alternative Therapies to BCG Therapy for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer

Lidagoster,

Ben-David,

De Leon

et al. 2024

Current Oncology

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Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Treatment decisions are mostly decided based on disease stage (non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive). Patients with muscle-invasive disease will be offered a radical treatment combined with systemic therapy, while in those with non-muscle-invasive disease, an attempt to resect the tumor endoscopically will usually be followed by different intravesical instillations. The goal of intravesical therapy is to decrease the recurrence and/or progression of the tumor. In the current landscape of bladder cancer treatment, BCG is given intravesically to induce an inflammatory response and recruit immune cells to attack the malignant cells and induce immune memory. While the response to BCG treatment has changed the course of bladder cancer management and spared many “bladders”, some patients may develop BCG-unresponsive disease, leaving radical surgery as the best choice of curative treatment. As a result, a lot of effort has been put into identifying novel therapies like systemic pembrolizumab and Nadofaragene-Firadenovac to continue sparing bladders if BCG is ineffective. Moreover, recent logistic issues with BCG production caused a worldwide BCG shortage, re-sparking interest in alternative BCG treatments including mitomycin C, sequential gemcitabine with docetaxel, and others. This review encompasses both the historic and current role of BCG in the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer, revisiting BCG alternative therapies and reviewing the novel therapeutics that were approved for the BCG-unresponsive stage or are under active investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%