BCG related complications

AlFawaz, Tariq; Alshehri, Mohammed; Alshahrani, Dayel

doi:10.1016/j.ijpam.2015.05.004

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Many of the severe forms of IEI manifest clinically in the first few months of life (22). Therefore, in some countries, the BCG vaccine is given to infants at a later age (23)(24)(25). Thus, we urge the authorities to refine their statement on BCG and include procedures that assure only healthy children receive the vaccine (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: BCG-Triggered Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Infant With X-Linked Recessive Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease Due to a Variant of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

et al. 2021

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In the United Arab Emirates, BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) is administered to all newborns. We present here a young infant with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) who developed fatal adverse events to this live-attenuated vaccine. This male infant received BCG (Serum Institute of India Pvt., Ltd., India) on Day 11 of life. On Day 25, he developed fever, followed by cervical lymphadenitis and bilateral otitis media with fluid drainage. On Day 118, he was admitted with severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), and passed away on Day 145. The diagnostic exome sequencing test identified a hemizygous nonsense variant, NM_000397.3(CYBB):c.676C>T, p.Arg226* (rs137854592). Pathogenic variants of CYBB [cytochrome b(-245), beta subunit; Mendelian Inheritance in Man [MIM] accession code, 300481] are known to cause “immunodeficiency 34, mycobacteriosis, X-linked” (IMD34, MIM#300645) and “chronic granulomatous disease, X-linked” (CGDX, MIM#306400). The natural history of his illness is consistent with “X-linked recessive Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD).” This entity is responsible for his BCG disease and is a likely trigger of his HLH. This disastrous event underlines the importance of developing worldwide policies that target BCG disease prevention, especially in communities with high prevalence of IEI. Moreover, screening for genetic causes of MSMD in the community could pave the way, at least partially, for scale-up of tuberculosis (TB) prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Report: BCG-Triggered Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Infant With X-Linked Recessive Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease Due to a Variant of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Although BCG vaccine is usually a safe vaccine in children, many complications have been reported, such as adverse local reactions, regional lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, and disseminated infection in immunocompromised children, with lymphadenitis being one of the most common complications. [ 15 16 ] Intravesical instillation of BCG is widely accepted as an adjuvant immunotherapeutic modality of in situ and superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. [ 16 ] Literature reports also suggest the use of BCG immunotherapy for the treatment of malignant melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Rare Case Report of BCG Induced Balanitis in a Patient with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder

Mitra

Bhatnagar

Suhag

et al. 2021

Indian Dermatology Online Journal

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Primary Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) infection of the glans penis is not a very common entity and has been rarely reported in literature. BCG has been used as an adjuvant therapy in patients of transitional cell urinary bladder carcinoma following transurethral resection of bladder tumor. We report a 66-year-old male patient who was being managed for urinary bladder carcinoma with nine sittings of adjuvant BCG therapy. He developed painless swelling with multiple pustules over glans penis and prepuce along with inguinal lymphadenopathy. He had a BCG inoculation scar over his arm and his chest X-ray was within normal limits. His workup for sexually transmitted disease was negative. The biopsy from the nodule on prepuce revealed mixed inflammatory infiltrate comprising of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils along with numerous congested blood vessels and hemosiderin macrophages. Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expert from tissue was positive for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Fine-needle aspiration cytology from the right inguinal lymph node also revealed AFB on Ziehl–Neelsen stain. The BCG immunotherapy was stopped and the patient was started on a standard four-drug antitubercular therapy comprising isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide along with daily doses of pyridoxine. The edema resolved and papules subsided within 2 weeks after starting antitubercular therapy. This is a very rare presentation although intravesical BCG therapy is a very common treatment modality, hence this report is intended to increase awareness of this condition in dermatologists and venereologists.

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“…However, Mycobacterium bovis has been identified in one study[ 19 ] and in iatrogenic disseminated BCG infection. [ 15 20 ]…”

Section: Causative Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of literature on disseminated tuberculosis with emphasis on the focused diagnostic workup

Khan

2019

J Fam Community Med

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BCG related complications

Cited by 15 publications

References 14 publications

Case Report: BCG-Triggered Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Infant With X-Linked Recessive Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease Due to a Variant of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Case Report: BCG-Triggered Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in an Infant With X-Linked Recessive Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease Due to a Variant of Chronic Granulomatous Disease

A Rare Case Report of BCG Induced Balanitis in a Patient with Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder

Review of literature on disseminated tuberculosis with emphasis on the focused diagnostic workup

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