BCQ+: A Body Constitution Questionnaire to Assess Yang-Xu

Chen, Li Li; Lin, Jui Shan; Lin, Jun Dai; Chang, Chih Hung; Kuo, Hsien Wen; Liang, Wen Miin; Su, Yi

doi:10.1159/000197770

Cited by 41 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Subjects who did not reach the threshold scores of the 3 imbalanced BC types were classified as non-constitution type. The BCQ was validated with satisfactory content validity (content validity index: 0.73-1.00), construct validity, and test-retest reliability (Cronbach's α: 0.62-0.88; intraclass correlation > 0.7) in Taiwan [16,17,18]. The BCQ has been applied as 1 of the indicators in the Stroke and Cancer projects of Taiwan's National Health Insurance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Menopausal Symptoms with Different Constitutions in Climacteric Women

Chen

Hwang

2018

Complement Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the body constitution and menopausal symptoms in climacteric women. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 427 women aged 40-60 years from the hospital and nearby community. In addition to filling out a questionnaire on menopause rating scale - Traditional Chinese version, the participants completed the body constitution questionnaire. This classifies a person to 1 or more of 3 imbalanced constitutional types, which are yin-xu, yang-xu and stasis-stagnation. We constructed logistic regression models to estimate probabilities of the menopausal symptoms among climacteric women presenting with various menopausal status and differing body constitutions. Results: The frequency and scores of the yin-xu, yang-xu, and stasis-stagnation constitutions were significantly higher in perimenopausal and postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Compared to the non-constitution women, the odds ratio of having hot flushes, sleeping disorders, sexual problems, irritability, and anxiety were significantly higher with the yin-xu constitution. The women with a yang-xu constitution had significantly higher odds ratios for having bladder problems, muscle and joint problems, depressive mood, and heart discomfort. Symptoms of heart discomfort, physical and mental exhaustion, and sleeping disorders were correlated to the stasis-stagnation constitution. Conclusion: With the additional key symptoms related to the 3 constitutional types, physicians performing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are able to diagnose the menopausal syndrome more accurately. Integrating menopausal symptoms with TCM constitutional theory will contribute to a more rapid diagnosis and treatment of menopausal syndrome.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Menopausal Symptoms with Different Constitutions in Climacteric Women

Chen

Hwang

2018

Complement Med Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The latent structure of the Yin-Xu constitution is found to be very similar to that of the Yang-Xu constitution measured by the BCQ+ [2 ]. Since Yin and Yang work synergistically (e.g., the materials (Yin) are transported by the driving force (Yang) through the body), the 5 domains identified meet the descriptions of the function, transportation, and distribution of ‘Yang-qi’ and ‘Yin-blood’ recorded in the ancient TCM bible ‘Huangdi’s Internal Classic’ [18,19,20,21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Within the Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ) we have developed specific questionnaires to embrace each body constitution. BCQ+, designed to assess Yang-Xu, contains 5 domains which correspond with the latent structure of the Yang-Xu constitution [1,2 ]. BCQs, designed to assess Stasis, has also been developed and validated [3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCQ–: A Body Constitution Questionnaire to Assess Yin-Xu

Lin¹,

Chen

Lin³

et al. 2012

Complement Med Res

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and guided by the principles of modern medicine (MM), we aimed to develop an effective and reliable diagnostic tool using self-reported data in order to assess the Yin-Xu body constitution. In this study, we further evaluated a provisional 22-item version of the Yin-Xu Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ–) previously derived from the Delphi process. Methods: A total of 1,272 eligible participants aged between 20 and 60 years was recruited. The participants had received health examination in teaching hospitals and had not shown any disease onset in the prior month. The factor structure of the BCQ– was explored, and the reliability and validity of each derived factor (scale) were evaluated. Results: Exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors corresponding to the manifestations of the diminishing Yin-Xu level in 5 different body areas: head, 4 limbs, gastrointestinal tract, body surface, and abdominal cavity. 3 items with low factor loading (<0.4) were dropped, resulting in a 19-item BCQ–. Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.57 to 0.85, and the intra-class correlation coefficients were greater than 0.7 for most items. The diagnoses of Yin-Xu by both the BCQ– and experienced TCM doctors were consistent. The concurrent validity showed that higher Yin-Xu scores were associated with lower hemoglobin. Conclusions: The final BCQ– measures the Yin-Xu constitution of 5 different body areas. The questionnaire is a reliable, valid, and potentially useful instrument for evaluating the Yin-Xu constitution in clinical research and practice.

show abstract

“…The questionnaire used was the 44-item Traditional Chinese Medical Constitutional Scale and Classification (TCM-CSC, Chinese version, 中醫體質及分型量表), which was developed by Lin and colleagues [8,9,10,11,12] from Taiwan, to identify four constitutions: type A: the balanced constitution (平和質); type B: the yang-deficiency constitution (陽虛質); type C: the yin-deficiency constitution (陰血虛質), and type D: the stasis constitution (瘀滯質).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The questionnaire comprises a total of 44 questions, of which 19 are related to type B, 19 to type C and 16 to type D. For the type B questions, a total score of ≥30.5 indicates that the person is of the yang-deficiency constitution [8,9]. For the type C questions, a total score of ≥29.5 indicates that the person is of the yin-deficiency constitution [10,11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constitutional Study of Parkinson's Disease Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Pattern Differentiation

Chua

2015

Integr Med Int

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: It was the aim of this study to determine whether (1) Parkinson's disease (PD) patients can be divided into different traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitutions based on the 44-item Traditional Chinese Medical Constitutional Scale and Classification (TCM-CSC, Chinese version, 中醫體質及分型量表), (2) whether levodopa usage correlates with the TCM classification type, and (3) whether there is a difference in the mean daily intake of levodopa between males and females in any of the constitutional types. Methods: PD patients who had visited the TCM clinic of the Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) or who had attended the PD public talks organized by HKBU and the Association of Parkinson's Disease in Hong Kong were invited for interviews with TCM assessors. The TCM-CSC (Chinese version) was used in the assessment to divide patients into four different constitutions: the balanced constitution (type A), the yang-deficiency constitution (type B), the yin-deficiency constitution (type C) and the stasis constitution (type D). Results: Sixty-three patients (29 males, 34 females; mean age 63.65 ± 8.116 years; mean PD duration 5.49 ± 4.544 years) participated in the study. Sixteen PD patients (26%) had only one type of TCM constitution, while 47 PD patients (74%) had more than one type of TCM constitution. Type D patients showed the lowest intake of daily levodopa. There was no significant difference in the mean daily intake of levodopa between males and females in any of the constitutional types. Conclusions: (1)PD patients cannot be divided into different constitutional types based on the TCM-CSC effectively. (2) In general, levodopa usage does not correlate with the constitutional type; however, patients with the stasis constitution (type D) showed the lowest levodopa intake compared to the other constitutions. (3) There was no significant difference in the mean daily intake of levodopa between males and females. Further research on the treatment pattern of different TCM constitutions, using large samples, is warranted.

show abstract

BCQ+: A Body Constitution Questionnaire to Assess Yang-Xu

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Association of Menopausal Symptoms with Different Constitutions in Climacteric Women

Association of Menopausal Symptoms with Different Constitutions in Climacteric Women

BCQ–: A Body Constitution Questionnaire to Assess Yin-Xu

Constitutional Study of Parkinson's Disease Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine Pattern Differentiation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About