Bdkrb2 Gene -9/+9 Polymorphism and Swimming Performance

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between swimming performance and the -9/+9 (rs5810761) polymorphism within the BDKRB2 gene in successful competitive swimmers. Best individual swimming results expressed in FINA points achieved at short, middle and long distance events of 157 well-trained Polish swimmers were incorporated into an analysis. Athletes’ genotype and allele distributions were analysed in comparison to 230 unrelated sedentary subjects who served as controls with the χ2 test. All samples were genotyped for the BDKRB2 -9/+9 polymorphism using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The effects of genotype on swimming performance were analysed with two-way (3 x 2; genotype x gender) analysis of variance with metrical age as a covariate for each distance specialization. No statistical differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were found in long distance swimmers when compared with the total group of swimmers or controls. The BDKRB2 +9/-9 genotype had no significant effect on swimming performance at short, middle or long distance, regardless of gender. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that the BDKRB2 -9/+9 polymorphism is associated with swimming performance in Polish swimmers.

Current Progress in Sports Genomics

“…However, Eynon et al [61] found no significant differences in the frequencies of the À9 allele and À9/À9 genotype between 74 Israeli endurance athletes and 240 controls. The same negative results were obtained by Sawczuk et al [62] and Grenda et al [63] in two studies involving 334 endurance athletes from Russia and Poland. Furthermore, Tsianos et al [44] have reported an excess of the TT genotype of the BDKRB2 gene rs1799722 C/T polymorphism in 316 male Mount Olympus marathon runners.…”

Interaction Between ACE I/D and ACTN3 R557X Polymorphisms in Polish Competitive Swimmers

“…On the other hand, no associations were found between ACE DD and ACTN3 RR + RX genotype combination and jumping and sprint ability in young healthy adults and upper and lower body muscular strength in nonagenarian women ( Bustamante-Ara et al, 2010 ). Further studies analyzing swimming performance and selected gene polymorphisms ( Grenda et al, 2014 ) are need.…”

Does the GNB3 C825T Polymorphism Influence Swimming Performance in Competitive Swimmers?

“…Swimming performance is a complex trait that depends on numerous phenotypes, not only muscle contractility, blood oxygen transport capacity, cardiopulmonary function as well as fatty acids and glucose metabolism. It seems that many gene loci, each with a small contribution, rather than single gene polymorphic variants with substantial effects on individual variation of human athletic performance are responsible for swimming performance ( Grenda et al, 2014a , 2014b ). Thus, it is inevitable for sport genetics to focus on analysis of complex interaction of multiple genetic polymorphisms that enhance sport related phenotypes as well as alterations to the genome that do not involve changes in the nucleotide sequences of the genes.…”