“…The rate of shoreline changes is one of the common measurements used by coastal scientists, engineers and land planners to indicate the dynamics and the hazards of the coast (Niyogi, 1970;King, 1972;Narayanaswamy and Varadachari, 1978;Anwar et al, 1979;Baba, 1979;Moni, 1980;Komar, 1983;Mallik et al, 1987;Savage and Foster, 1989;Mallik and Rao, 1990). The coastal vulnerability database for Mangalore coast, western India was developed by Hegde and Reju (2007) in order to implement the best erosion protection structure.…”