Beam electron energy distribution at a volume nanosecond discharge in atmospheric-pressure air

Modification of the near-surface layers of a copper foil under the action of a volume gas discharge in air at atmospheric pressure

“…The beam energy spectrum in a diode used in the present study contained electrons with energies from 40 to 180 keV. It should be noted that electrons with the energies below 40 keV cannot be detected by the method employed in [9,12], although calculations [13,14] show that a considerable fraction of particles with such energies must be formed in the discharge plasma. The samples of copper foil were irradiated in a periodic pulse regime at a pulse repetition rate of 1 Hz.…”

“…For electrons with energies above 70 keV and a current pulse width (FWHM) of ~0.1 ns (which corresponded to the given collector resolution), the current pulse amplitude was ~10 A. The electron energy distribution measured in an analogous diode filled with air at atmospheric pressure was reported elsewhere [9,12]. The beam energy spectrum in a diode used in the present study contained electrons with energies from 40 to 180 keV.…”

“…It should be noted that, while the conditions of UAEB-induced volume discharge formation admit broad variation of the voltage pulse duration and amplitude and the cathode design [6,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14], the generation of a runaway electron beam requires the optimization of a number of parameters [9]. The present study was not aimed at studying the surface modification of copper under the conditions of runaway electron beam formation with maximum amplitude.…”

Supershort avalanche electron beams and x-ray in high-pressure nanosecond discharges

“…Such measurements of the beam current pulse duration gave the value less than 1 ns. Since 2003, an interest to investigation of e-beams generation in gas-filled diodes with high pressures has been rekindled (see the review [3][4][5] and papers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], and Refs in [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]). In 2005, the advanced recording methods of electron beams and the use of digital oscilloscopes with wide bandwidth provided the measurements of the beam current duration with time resolution of ~ 100 ps.…”

“…At that, the measurement results on peak current of runaway electrons reported by different authors, and by using different methods essentially differed. The electron energy distributions in air gas diodes at atmospheric pressure, obtained by different scientific teams differed as well [2,7,10,20]. In this paper, the recent measurement results on duration and amplitude of e-beams generated at a nanosecond discharge in air at atmospheric pressure and others gases have been summarized.…”