Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Akimoto, R.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Alexander, J.; Alfred, M.; Al-Jamel, A.; Al-Ta’ani, H.; Angerami, A.; Aoki, Kazuo; Apadula, N.; Aphecetche, L.; Aramaki, Y.; Arméndariz, R.; Aronson, S. H.; Asai, J.; Asano, H.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bagoly, A.; Bai, Mei; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Baldisseri, A.; Bannier, B.; Barish, K. N.; Barnes, P.; Bassalleck, B.; Basye, A.; Bathe, S.; Batsouli, S.; Baublis, V.; Bauer, F.; Baumann, C.; Baumgart, Stephen; Bazilevsky, A.; Беликов, С.; Belmont, R.; Bennett, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bhom, J.; Bickley, A. A.; Bjorndal, M. T.; Blau, D.; Boër, M.; Boissevain, J. G.; Bok, Jeongsu; Borel, H.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Brown, D. S.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Bucher, D.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Burward-Hoy, J. M.; Butsyk, S.; Camacho, C. Muñoz; Campbell, S.; Roman, V. Canoa; Caringi, A.; Castera, P.; Chai, J. 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M.; Wysocki, M.; Xia, B.; Xie, W.; Xu, C.; Xu, Qingnian; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamaura, K.; Yang, R.; Yanovich, A.; Yasin, Z.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; Yoo, J.; Zhou, You; Young, G. R.; Younus, I.; Yu, H.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zaudtke, O.; Zelenski, A.; Zhang, C.; Zharko, S.; Zhou, S.; Zimamyi, J.; Zolin, L.; Zou, L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.123.022301

Cited by 46 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…However, simultaneous quantitative description of photon yield and flow coefficients has been challenging [6]. Current levels of uncertainty in experimental data of real photons at RHIC [62][63][64] and LHC [65] also limits the extent of reliable interpretations of theoretical predictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilepton production and elliptic flow from an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

Kasmaei

Strickland

2019

Phys. Rev. D

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The emission of real photons from a momentum-anisotropic quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is affected by both the collective flow of the radiating medium and the modification of local rest frame emission rate due to the anisotropic momentum distribution of partonic degrees of freedom. In this paper, we first calculate the photon production rate from an ellipsoidally momentum-anisotropic QGP including hard contributions from Compton scattering and quark pair annihilation and soft contribution calculated using the hard thermal loop (HTL) approximation. We introduce a parametrization of the nonequilibrium rate in order to facilitate its further application in yield and flow calculations. We convolve the anisotropic photon rate with the space-time evolution of QGP provided by 3+1d anisotropic hydrodynamics (aHydro) to obtain the yield and the elliptic flow coefficient v 2 of photons from QGP generated at Pb-Pb collisions at LHC at 2.76 TeV and Au-Au collisions at RHIC at 200 GeV. We investigate the effects of various parameters on the results. In particular we analyze the sensitivity of results to initial momentum anisotropy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilepton production and elliptic flow from an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

Kasmaei

Strickland

2019

Phys. Rev. D

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“…It should be pointed out (and in fact it is mentioned in [270]), that the scaling function A(dN ch /dη) α used in Fig. 27 is not unique; the integrated yields can be equally well fitted for instance with…”

Section: Scaling Of Direct Photon Yields With Dn Ch /Dηmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…When investigating the system size and energy dependence of photon production, the (pseudo)rapidity density of produced, final state charged particles, dN ch /dη is a more natural choice -and it is a measured, model-independent quantity. In a recent publication [270] by PHENIX it has been pointed out that if the direct photon yields at mid- rapidity are normalized by the corresponding (dN ch /dη) 1.25 then the "thermal" photon yields are similar for a wide range of colliding nuclei 63 , collision centralities and collision energies (see Fig. 26).…”

Section: Scaling Of Direct Photon Yields With Dn Ch /Dηmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Ongoing analysis of the 2014 200 GeV Au+Au dataset by PHENIX, larger than all previous datasets combined, and with yet another method (external conversion) might help to put an end to the controversy. The PHENIX experiment also measured low p T direct photons with the internal conversion technique in √ s N N =200 GeV Cu+Cu collisions [195], and via external conversion in √ s N N =62.4 GeV and √ s N N =39 GeV Au+Au collisions [270]. Preliminary results have been shown at the Quark Matter 2017 conference and reported in [294].…”

Section: "Thermal" Photon Yields and Effective Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

David

2020

Rep. Prog. Phys.

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Direct real photons are arguably the most versatile tools to study relativistic heavy ion collisions. They are produced, by various mechanisms, during the entire space-time history of the strongly interacting system. Also, being colorless, most the time they escape without further interaction, i.e. they are penetrating probes. This makes them rich in information, but hard to decypher and interpret. This review presents the experimental and theoretical developments related to direct real photons since the 1970s, with a special emphasis on the recently emerged "direct photon puzzle", the simultaneous presence of large yields and strong azimuthal asymmetries of photons in heavy ion collisions, an observation that so far eluded full and coherent explanation. CONTENTS arXiv:1907.08893v1 [nucl-ex] 21 Jul 2019 21. Hydrodynamical models 48 2. Initial state, (fast) thermalization 50 3. Transport calculations 50 4. Other ideas 52 VII. Concluding remarks 54 VIII. Acknowledgements 55 References 56 3 I. INTRODUCTIONThe centuries old quest to reveal the "ultimate" constituents of matter and the laws of Nature governing them, and the realization from quantum mechanics that mapping smaller and smaller objects requires ever larger energy probes, made high energy physics one of the dominant scientific disciplines of the XXth century. At first we took advantage of the Universe as an "accelerator" providing high energy probes (cloud chamber and emulsion experiments), but soon we started to build our own accelerators, constantly increasing their energy and luminosity. The most spectacular and best known results came in elementary particle physics, but astrophysics and nuclear physics were a close second, benefiting enormously from the progress in experimental and theoretical tools. The central question in particle physics was the substructure of hadrons and the nature of confinement, while high energy nuclear physics' foremost concern was the behavior of high density nuclear matter, including its collectivity and possible phase transition into partonic matter, which in turn evoked the early stages of the Universe. Albeit particle and nuclear physics came with different perspectives, both were concerned with the strong interaction and its underlying theory, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), so the birth of a new discipline at their intersection, relativistic heavy ion physics, was almost inevitable. From Princeton and Berkeley to Dubna the race for larger and larger ions, energies and luminosities was on. Hadrons and nuclear fragments were studied extensively, and the applicability of thermo-and hydrodynamics gradually recognized. An excellent review of these first facilities and early developments -both experimental and theoretical -can be found in [1] by Goldhaber, while a (literally) insightful account of the genesis and achievements of RHIC and LHC was given by Baym in [2].Although lepton and photon production in hadronic and nuclear collisions was studied almost since the birth of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics [3][4][...

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“…Figure 1: Left: Summary of x T -scaled (isolated) direct photon invariant cross sections measured in pp and pp collisions at various collider energies scaled with a common n = 4.5. Right: Summary of N coll and x T -scaled (isolated) direct photon invariant yields measured in A-A collisions at various collider energies [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] scaled with a common n = 4.5 and the number of collisions (N coll ) per collision system and respective centrality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shining a Light on the QGP - Electroweak Probes Experimental Summary

Bock¹

2019

Proceedings of International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions — PoS(HardProbes20

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Objects which are only subject to the electroweak force are an ideal probe of QCD in high density and temperature environments as they carry information about the conditions during their production out of the QGP without interacting with it. Thus they can be used to characterize the initial state as well as several properties of the QGP and its evolution. Within this article the recent results regarding these electroweak probes presented at the 9 th Hard Probes Conference (Aix-les-Bains, France, 2018) will be summarized. In particular the following questions will be addressed: Can we determine the necessary energy and particle density for the QGP creation using electromagnetic probes? Can we use light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions to do precision tests of QED and measure the magnetic field of the QGP? How are quark jets modified by the presence of the QGP? What can we learn about the initial state and scaling properties in pp, p(d)-A and A-A collisions from the production of high p T photons, Z 0 and W ± bosons? In the version provided on arXiv, additional plots are included in the appendix with respect to the version submitted for publication in the journal. Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://pos.sissa.it/ ALICE (0-20% Pb-Pb 2.76TeV) ALICE (20-40% Pb-Pb 2.76TeV) ALICE (40-80% Pb-Pb 2.76TeV) CMS (0-10% Pb-Pb 2.76TeV) CMS (10-30% Pb-Pb 2.76TeV) CMS (30-100% Pb-Pb 2.76TeV) PHENIX (0-20% Au-Au 0.2TeV) PHENIX (20-40% Au-Au 0.2TeV) PHENIX (40-60% Au-Au 0.2TeV) PHENIX (60-92% Au-Au 0.2TeV) PHENIX (0-92% Au-Au 0.2TeV) STAR (0-20% Au-Au 0.2TeV) STAR (20-40% Au-Au 0.2TeV) STAR (40-60% Au-Au 0.2TeV) STAR (60-80% Au-Au 0.2TeV) STAR (0-80% Au-Au 0.2TeV) PHENIX (0-40% Cu-Cu 0.2TeV) PHENIX (0-92% Cu-Cu 0.2TeV) PHENIX (0-20% Au-Au 62.4GeV) PHENIX (20-40% Au-Au 62.4GeV) PHENIX (0-86% Au-Au 62.4GeV) PHENIX (0-86% Au-Au 39GeV) WA98 (0-10% Pb-Pb 17.2GeV)

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Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

Cited by 46 publications

References 75 publications

Dilepton production and elliptic flow from an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

Dilepton production and elliptic flow from an anisotropic quark-gluon plasma

Direct real photons in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Shining a Light on the QGP - Electroweak Probes Experimental Summary

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