Beam Scanning Realized by Coupled Modes in a Single-Patch Antenna

Tian, Haozhan; Dhwaj, Kirti; Jiang, Li Jun; Itoh, T.

doi:10.1109/lawp.2018.2832605

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The antenna in [14] is based on CMPA, similar to the proposed design; it is, however, limited by the beam scanning range. This is because the original CMPA reported in [1] is only capable of beam scanning at the forward region. With the mode perturbed by the loaded slot, the proposed design is able to have much wider scanning range covering both backward and forward regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the frequency shifts from one pole to the other, the phase difference between the two radiating slots changes dramatically due to the mode changing. Therefore, the beam scans as a function of frequency as reported in [1].…”

Section: Fundamental Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have reported a new beam steering antenna, so called coupled-mode patch antenna (CMPA) [1]. It realizes large-range beam scanning as a function of frequency in a modified patch antenna.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Compact Single-Element Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna With Wide-Angle Scanning Tuned by a Single Varactor

Tian¹,

Jiang²,

Itoh³

2019

PIER C

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In this paper, we propose a convenient fixed-frequency beam steering method, using a single patch antenna controlled by only one electronically tunable component. The antenna is based on coupled-mode patch antenna (CMPA) [1] that is capable to scan the beam as the function of frequency. A ground-etched slot loaded with one varactor diode is tuned to be capacitive, resonant, or inductive. In order to test broader tuning range, two kinds of varactors with the ranges of 9.24 pF-1.77 pF and 2.67 pF-0.63 pF are implemented respectively. By analyzing how the loaded slot affects the cavity modes and fields, we demonstrate how the voltage bias tunes the frequency responses and steers beam of the antenna. Perturbed by the loaded slot, the frequency response of the antenna shifts from center frequency of 2.35 GHz with the bandwidth of 4.26% down to the band centered at 2.3 GHz with the bandwidth of 4.35%. The maximum scanning range is realized at around 2.29 GHz where the measured main beam continuously scans from −34 • to +32 • when the varactor with lower tuning range is used and biased. Meanwhile, the main beam of 2.35 GHz scans from +32 • to +54 • when the higher-range varactor is biased. The proposed single-element antenna is able to maintain high gain and efficiency that are comparable to a regular patch antenna with same size and substrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fundamental Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Compact Single-Element Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna With Wide-Angle Scanning Tuned by a Single Varactor

Tian¹,

Jiang²,

Itoh³

2019

PIER C

Self Cite

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“…3(a). In [21], [22], a row of metal vias is placed along the centerlines of a rectangular patch, which serves as an electrical wall and divides the whole cavity into two parts. The mutual coupling between these two cavities results in two eigenmode solutions, an even mode and odd mode.…”

Section: B Characteristic Mode Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Azimuth-Pattern Reconfigurable Planar Antenna Design Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

2021

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In this paper, a patch antenna is proposed with reconfigurable patterns in the azimuth plane. The basic structure of the antenna is a circular patch upon which a vertical slot is etched. In addition, a row of shorting posts along the horizontal direction is placed underneath the patch. With the aid of characteristic mode analysis (CMA), reconfigurable patterns are achieved by synthesizing the currents of different modes. By switching over different sets of feeding ports, four steerable beams capable of covering the entire azimuth plane are obtained. One unique feature is that when the beam is switched to the direction orthogonal to it, the shape of the pattern will be switched accordingly. The antenna was fabricated and measured. The measured F/B ratio is close to 10 dB at 2.08 GHz, and the 3-dB beamwidth in the elevation (azimuth) plane is switchable from 82°(181°) to 190°(91°).INDEX TERMS Characteristic mode analysis, reconfigurable pattern, switchable beam.

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“…The antenna contains two coupled half-mode SIW (HMSIW) cavities. The even and odd eigen-modes are excited inside the structure, similar to the coupled-mode patch antenna [9][10][11]. The design method evolves from filtering theory, where the equivalent circuit model is optimized to realize the target operating frequency and bandwidth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Circularly Polarized Hmsiw Antenna

Itoh¹

2019

PIER Letters

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A circularly polarized (CP) half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) cavitybacked antenna is developed by a novel design method in this paper. The single-fed antenna contains two coupled HMSIW cavities with orthogonal polarizations. Its design method evolves from filter synthesis procedure, which takes the advantage of equivalent circuit model to accelerate the optimization. The antenna radiates high-purity right handed CP waves with measured axial ratio (AR) of 0.33 dB at 3.55 GHz, while its gain and AR bandwidth are comparable to other CP SIW antennas. With the robust design method, the proposed antenna is competitive in practical applications. INTRODUCTIONAntenna with circular polarization (CP) plays an important role in modern wireless communications. It solves the problem of the polarization mismatch caused by the multipath interference and the wave propagation in ionosphere. CP antenna with microstrip technology has been well studied, and the design procedure is mature [1-3]. However, microstrip antennas suffer from high conduction loss, which makes them less competitive in the high-frequency domain.The substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-based CP antennas have low conduction loss and high gain, while maintaining the advantages of low profile, low cost, and easy integration with planar circuits [4][5][6][7][8]. However, generating pure CP waves in SIW cavities is not as straightforward as that in microstrip patches. The general solutions are either to design two standalone radiating elements [8], or to cut slots on top (or bottom) of the SIW cavity [4][5][6][7]. The first solution requires external feeding to provide the phase difference. For the second one, though widely used, the performance of the antennas is highly dependent on the shape, size, and location of the slots. Therefore, the design procedure typically involves heavy optimization in full-wave simulators, which takes a lot of time and computation.In this paper, a CP antenna with SIW technique is developed by a fast and robust design methodology. The antenna contains two coupled half-mode SIW (HMSIW) cavities. The even and odd eigen-modes are excited inside the structure, similar to the coupled-mode patch antenna [9][10][11]. The design method evolves from filtering theory, where the equivalent circuit model is optimized to realize the target operating frequency and bandwidth. The final structure is directly synthesized from the circuit model, avoiding the heavy optimization in full-wave simulator. The proposed antenna has very low axial ratio (AR) at target frequency while still maintaining decent gain and AR bandwidth. The design procedures, along with the results and discussions, are presented in the following sections. DESIGN METHOD AND THEORYThe schematic layout of the proposed antenna is shown in Fig. 1. Two identical HMSIW cavities have orthogonal polarization to each other. A gap on the center wall brings magnetic coupling between the

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Beam Scanning Realized by Coupled Modes in a Single-Patch Antenna

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

A Compact Single-Element Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna With Wide-Angle Scanning Tuned by a Single Varactor

A Compact Single-Element Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna With Wide-Angle Scanning Tuned by a Single Varactor

Azimuth-Pattern Reconfigurable Planar Antenna Design Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

Development of a Circularly Polarized Hmsiw Antenna

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