“…Most of the early works on PPI-network alignment, such as PathBLAST [24], NetworkBLAST [10], NetAlign [25], MaWISh [26] and Grælin [27], study the LNA problem. More recent methods, such as IsoRank [28, 29], the GRAAL family [16, 23, 30–32], MAGNA and its successor MAGNA++ [33, 34], SPINAL [35], PINALOG [36], Netcoffee [37] and BEAMS [38], are examples of GNA algorithms.…”