Beetroot juice intake with different amounts of nitrate does not change aerobic exercise-mediated responses in heart rate variability in hypertensive postmenopausal women: A randomized, crossover and double-blind study

Abstract

Objectives To compare the acute effects of a single dose of beetroot juice (BJ) with different concentrations of nitrate (NO 3 − ) on heart rate variability (HRV) in postmenopausal hypertensive women. Methods Thirteen hypertensive postmenopausal women (58.1 ± 4.6 years of age and 27 ± 4 kg/m 2 of BMI) completed the protocol that consisted of three visits with different beverage intakes in a randomized and crossover design. The three beverages were BJ with a high content of nitrate (high-NO 3 - ), BJ with a low content of nitrate (low-NO 3 - ), and an orange flavored non-caloric drink (OFD). Heart rate (HR) were evaluated during 20 min after sitting rest at 7:20 a.m. (baseline), after they drank one of the drinks, and remained at sitting rest for 120 min and then performed 40 min of aerobic exercise at 65–70% of the HR reserve on a treadmill. HR was recorded for 90 min after exercise for time, frequency, and non-linear domains of HRV index analysis. Results Two-way ANOVA showed that there were no interaction effects (time∗sessions) in any of the HRV indexes after exercise in all three sessions. HRV indexes increased after exercise ( p = <0.05) similarly in all three sessions when compared with the baseline time point. Conclusion Therefore, a single dose of BJ, independent of NO 3 − content, does not change aerobic exercise-mediated responses in HRV indexes in hypertensive postmenopausal women.

Can Beetroot Extract Influence Cardiovascular And Autonomic Recovery From The Effort In Healthy Males? A Randomized Trial

“…Apparently, this is evidence contrary to that presented in the research literature 6,7,15 . Yet, the low amount of NO3 provided in the study may contribute to the study results by Carrijo et al 35 . The authors justi ed that, in spite of a probable increase in NO3 bioavailability, uctuations in autonomic function were only induced by exercise.…”

“…Another account for the lack of in uence of beetroot juice is that there may have been a clearance of nitrate and nitrite during the exercise itself 36 . Still, we cannot be sure as data on NO3 and NO2 concentrations after exercise was not presented by Carrijo et al 35 .…”

“…In the study led by Carrijo et al 35 , the effects of different nitrate concentrations in beetroot juice on the HRV of hypertensive postmenopausal women were compared. HRV was assessed for 20 minutes after sitting at rest, 120 minutes after drinking one of the drinks, and after performing 40 minutes of aerobic exercise at 65% and 70% of the HR reserve on a treadmill.…”

Nitrate-rich beet juice intake on cardiovascular performance in response to exercise in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

“…A previous study investigating the acute effects of BRJ rich in NO3 did not find an extension of the submaximal aerobic exercise in post-exercise hypotension [ 29 ]. Furthermore, the HRV recovery shows no difference compared to the placebo group [ 30 ]. According to previous studies in this field [ 31 , 32 ], an acute optimal dose of BRJ rich in NO3 to generate cardiovascular effects in exercise appears to be around 140 mL or 800 mg NO3.…”

Beetroot Juice Produces Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Reduces Internal Load during Resistance Training in Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover

“…Although changes in HRV during aerobic exercise have been studied, an increase in HRV was observed during the day [ 78 , 79 ]. Carrijo et al (2021) conclude that a single dose of BJ, independent of NO 3 − content, does not change aerobic exercise-mediated responses in HRV indexes in time, frequency, and non-linear domains in hypertensive postmenopausal women [ 80 ], which is aspect not studied in trained men during RT.…”