Before the Neolithic in the Aegean: The Pleistocene and the Early Holocene record of Bozburun - Southwest Turkey

The genomic origins of the world’s first farmers

“…The following references appear in the supplemental information: Adam, (2007) ; Alpaslan-Roodenberg and Roodenberg, (2020) ; Alpaslan-Roodenberg, (2011) ; Ambrose, 1991 ; Ameur et al., (2012) ; Angel, (1973) ; Arbuckle et al., (2014) ; Atakuman et al., (2020) ; Baird, (2012) ; Baird et al., (2013 , 2018) ; Bar-Yosef, (2011) ; Beerli, (2004) ; Beichman et al., (2017) ; Benjamin et al., (2017) ; Bickle, (2018) ; Bickle et al., (2015) ; Bocquet-Appel and Bar-Yosef, (2008) ; Bonsall et al., (2016) ; Bonsall et al., (1997 , 2008) ; Borić, (2009) ; Borić, (2011) ; Borić, (2016) ; Borić, (2019) ; Borić and Dimitrijević, (2007) ; Borić et al., (2008) ; Borić and Price, (2013) ; Boulestin and Coupey, (2015) ; Boulestin et al., (2009) ; Brami and Horejs, (2019) ; Brink-Kloke, (1990) ; Brotherton et al., (2013) ; Buckley et al., (2017) ; Budd et al., (2018) ; Budd et al., (2013) ; Burger et al., (2020) ; Çakırlar, (2013) ; Carter, (2016) ; Carter et al., (2019) ; Cavalli-Sforza et al., (2004) ; Chapman, (2000) ; Çilingiroğlu and Çakırlar, (2013) ; Çilingiroğlu et al., (2020) ; Clason, (1980) ; Colledge et al., (2019) ; Cox et al., (2019) ; Cristiani et al., (2018) ; Davison et al., (2006) ; de Becdelièvre et al., 2020 ; de Manuel et al., (2016) ; Diaz-Papkovich et al., (2019) ; Diaz-Papkovich et al., (2021) ; Dietrich and Kociumaka, (2001) ; Dou...…”

Locating Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer Camps in the Carpathian Basin

“…Only some limited areas, such as certain parts of Albania (Runnels et al, 2004(Runnels et al, , 2009, Greece (Runnels & van Andel, 2003;Runnels et al, 2005), and Istria (Balbo et al, 2004), have seen targeted surveys in search of open-air forager sites, with variable success. Similarly, only recent targeted surveys enabled the location of first Epipalaeolithic and Mesolithic forager settlements, for instance, in the Karaburun Peninsula (Çilingiroğlu et al, 2020) and Bozburun Peninsula (Atakuman et al, 2020) of coastal western Turkey. Even in karstic areas of southeastern Europe where only caves and rockshelter sediments have so far yielded data on human occupation during the early Holocene (Borić et al, 2019(Borić et al, , 2021Forenbaher et al, 2020;Galanidou, 2011;Hauck et al, 2017;Komšo, 2006;Mlekuž et al, 2008), it remains a priority to discover open-air sites in order to properly understand forager settlement patterns and the importance of ecological, climatic, and other changes that over the long term affected these forager groups.…”

Out-of-Anatolia: cultural and genetic interactions during the Neolithic expansion in the Aegean

“…Meanwhile, the lack of ovicaprid hunting or obsidian at Girmeler distinguishes it from the C Anatolian PPN (Erdoğu, 2022;Takaoğlu et al, 2014). The site also has parallels with Maroulas in the Aegean (Takaoğlu et al, 2014), suggesting interactions with Aegean foragers in addition to groups in the Neolithic core regions (Atakuman et al, 2022). However, whether the Girmeler community were locals or migrant PPN groups from C Anatolia, the Levant, Cyprus, or Greece, has remained unknown.…”

“…Despite this key position, the sociocultural and demographic transformation of W Anatolia after 7000 BCE remains a major gap in our understanding of Neolithic development. In fact, we know little of W Anatolia during the initial Holocene, except that its coastal areas (E Aegean and Marmara littorals) harboured forager groups with cultural connections to neighbouring regions as inferred from their stone tools (Atakuman et al, 2022; Baird, 2012; Çilingiroğlu et al, 2020; Düring, 2013; Schoop, 2005). By c.9000 BCE, Aceramic/Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) villages of sedentary foragers had emerged in the Fertile Crescent, including C Anatolia.…”