Behavior Analysts and Cultural Analysis: Troubles and Issues

Malagodi, E. F.; Jackson, Kevin

doi:10.1007/bf03392474

Cited by 44 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Embora Skinner (1948Skinner ( , 1971) não tenha sido tímido para especular sobre processos sociais, poucos outros seguiram sua liderança (para bons exemplos recentes, ver Glenn, 1989, e Malagodi & Jackson, 1989. Capturar os fenômenos de representações sociais na análise do comportamento permite novas formas de analisar mudanças sociais.…”

Section: Diretrizes Para a Psicologia Social Do Conhecimentounclassified

Análise do comportamento e a construção social do conhecimento

Guérin

Angelo

Moreira

et al. 2012

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RESUMOUm fenômeno de interesse contemporâneo na psicologia social é a construção social do conhecimento -o conhecimento que surge na interação entre as pessoas em comunidades, ao invés daquele que surge em interações em um ambiente não social. Uma aná-lise comportamental do conhecimento construído socialmente é apresentada, baseada nos tipos funcionais de comportamento verbal de Skinner (1957) e nas contingências sociais que os mantêm. Conhecimento construído socialmente ocorre na forma de intraverbais, tatos com falha na discriminação, ou quando existem poderosos controles sociais determinando o comportamento verbal em um grupo. A diferença entre comportamento governado por regras e governado por contingências mostra os limites do conhecimento construído socialmente, enquanto contingências sociais envolvidas na influência de uma minoria e em inovações mostram como mudanças podem ocorrer nas representações de uma comunidade.Palavras-chave: representações sociais, análise do comportamento, psicologia social, comportamento verbal. ABSTRACTA phenomenon of contemporary interest in social psychology is the social construction of knowledge -knowledge arising out of the interactions of people in communities rather than from interaction with nonsocial environment. A behavior analysis of such social constructed knowledge is presented, based on Skinner's (1957) functional types of verbal behavior and the social contingencies that maintain them. Socially constructed knowledge occurs as intraverbals, as tacts with loose discrimination, and when there are powerful social controls determining the verbal behavior in a group. The distinction between rule-governed and contingency-governed behavior shows the limits of socially constructed knowledge, whereas the social contingencies involved in minority influence and innovation show how changes can occur in community representations.

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Section: Diretrizes Para a Psicologia Social Do Conhecimentounclassified

Análise do comportamento e a construção social do conhecimento

Guérin

Angelo

Moreira

et al. 2012

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“…Ultimately, the emergence and maintenance of such repertoires, or double visions, will relate back to the metacontingencies that are operative within organizations that select for them. Behavior analysts who work within organizations including education, industry, and the military are in a unique position to affect relevant cultural practices beyond earlier efforts at simple consciousness raising with the tools of cultural analysis (Biglan, 1988;Glenn, 1985Glenn, , 1988Glenn & Malagodi, 1991;Malagodi & Jackson, 1989;Mattaini, 1996).…”

Section: Feminist Praxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal agency in feminist theory: Evicting the illusive dweller

Ruiz

1998

BEHAV ANALYST

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The growing impact of feminist scholarship, activism, and politics would benefit substantially from input by radical behaviorists. The feminist community, broadly defined, and radical behaviorists share interesting commonalities that suggest a potentially fruitful alliance. There are, however, points of divergence that must be addressed; most prominently, the construct of personal agency. A behavioral reconstruction of personal agency is offered to deal with the invisible contingencies leading to gender-asymmetric interpretive repertoires. The benefits of a mutually informing fusion are discussed.Key words: feminist theory, gender, person-situation dualism, agency, invisible contingencies, interpretive repertoires, verbal communitiesIn her book Mismeasure of Woman, Carol Tavris (1992) documents the often-cited work of Samuel Cartwright, a noted American physician who in the early 1 800s studied and described a mental illness that was prevalent among slaves. He named this condition Drapetomania. The interesting thing about this condition was that it was diagnosed by a single symptom, namely, the uncontrollable tendency to run away from slavery (pp. 176-177). Could we write fiction to be this interesting? Alas, Cartwright pathologized the reasonable response of the slave, and in so doing, left the institution of slavery unexamined. Tavris goes on to show, as others have, how psychological science has historically followed a similar approach in its construction of woman and gender.The feminist critique of science came to my attention several years ago as I began to explore disciplinary frontiers in order to develop a new elective This article is a revised version of an invited address presented at the 23rd annual meeting of the Association for Behavior Analysis, Chicago, May 1997.I thank Guillermo V. Ruiz for inspiration and Judi Addelston for her insightful suggestions on an earlier version of this manuscript.Please address correspondence and reprint requests to Maria R. Ruiz, Department of Psychology, Rollins College, 1000 Holt Ave -2760, Winter Park, Florida 32789-4499 (E-mail:MRuiz@rollins.edu). course for our undergraduate psychology curriculum. As a behavior analyst teaching undergraduates in a liberal arts institution, I realized that some of my most engaging intellectual conversations were with feminist colleagues from disciplines other than psychology. I decided to focus on the existing feminist psychological literature and eventually developed a course I entitled "Women: Psychology's Challenge."As I explored the feminist psychological literature, particularly its critique of traditional psychological science, I realized two things. First, and I felt very enthusiastic about this point, the feminist critique of traditional psychological science was, in some ways, remarkably consistent with the radical behaviorist critique.The second point was distressing yet ironically familiar. Radical behaviorism, the philosophy of science articulated by Skinner and the conceptual framework for behavior analysis, was amon...

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“…As suggested by Malagodi and Jackson (1989), the problems confronting the human race come in two forms: troubles and issues. Troubles are suffered by individuals and are peculiar to their individual circumstances.…”

Section: Troubles and Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relation of behavioral to cultural phenomena has been of growing interest to scientists on both sides (e.g., Biglan, 1991;Glenn, 1988;Harris, 1964Harris, , 1984Lamal., 1991;Lloyd, 1985;Malagodi, 1986;Malagodi & Jackson, 1989;Malott, 1988;Rakos, 1988Rakos, , 1989Vargas, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Process and Content in Behavioral and Cultural Phenomena

Glenn

Malagodi

1991

Behav. Soc. Iss.

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The phenomena to be explained in terms of scientific principles may be tetmed the "content" of a science. Behavioral content is organized at the level of individual organisms. Human behavioral repertoires are unique and complex organizations of activity/environment relations. The content of human behavior is accounted for in terms of evolutionary processes occurring at the behavioral level of analysis, during the lifetime of individual organisms. Cultural content originates when behavioral repertoires of two or more individuals form an enduring unit that has the possibility of lasting beyond the lifetime of those individuals. Evolutionary processes occurring at the cultural level of analysis account for cultural practices that extend across generations. The units that come into existence as a result of behavioral and cultural evolutionary processes are the content of behavioral and cultural sciences. Science~ based solutions to human problems involve making use of knowledge of behavioral and cultural processes to bring about change in behavioral and cultural content.One of the primary values of science is the support it provides the public in solving various kinds of problems. The physical sciences have provided the basis for solutions to an astounding variety of practical problems during the past few ·· hundred years; and the biological sciences have provided the basis for modern medicine with associated increases in survival, longevity, and quality of life. Although it is axiomatic that some of the products of science-based teclmologies pose serious problems for humankind, the human "misuse" of teclmology is a problem of human behavior and of the cultural practices in which it is embedded--not a problem with teclmology itself. We kn;ow of few people who would prefer to live without rather than with hot water heaters, air conditioning, indoor plumbing, antibiotics, analgesics, innerspring mattresses or computers. We agree with Skinner (1953) that the human misuse of technology can be viewed as the result of the vast 'discrepancy between our scientific understandiog of physical and biological pheno- AUTHORS' NOTE:This paper originated while the first author was on developmental leave at the Universicy of Florida. Both of us wish to thank the University of North Texas and the University of Florida for the opportunity for us to work together in this area of common interest. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Association for Behavior Analysis 1991 meeting in Atlanta, May 23~27, We are grateful to Janet Ellis and Marvin Harris for comments on earlier drafts of the paper. ,,GLENN & MALAGODI mena and our scientific understanding of behavioral and cultural phenomena. In short, ignorant of how our own behavior comes to be and changes, and how our cultural practices guarantee replication of that behavior in others, we are in a poor position to ensure that our physical and biological technologies don't pose serious threats to life on earth (among other potential side effects). Because behavior...

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Behavior Analysts and Cultural Analysis: Troubles and Issues

Cited by 44 publications

References 17 publications

Análise do comportamento e a construção social do conhecimento

Análise do comportamento e a construção social do conhecimento

Personal agency in feminist theory: Evicting the illusive dweller

Process and Content in Behavioral and Cultural Phenomena

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