“…The end confinement also improves the inner concrete performance, especially at the highly stressed end regions (Xiao, 2004;Teng et al, 2012;Mao and Xiao, 2006). The effectiveness of FRP confinement of CFT steel columns was evaluated afterward in many studies (Xiao et al, 2005;Qin et al, 2013;Gu et al, 2004;Tao et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2008;Liu and Lu, 2010;Park et al, 2010;Abdalla et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2011). Circular glass FRP confined CFT columns were tested under monotonic axial compression (Mao and Xiao, 2006) and cyclic axial compression (Yu et al, 2014;Teng et al, 2013).…”