“…Wan and Zha (2016), Ekmekyapar and Al-Eliwi (2017), Romero et al (2015), Ahmed et al (2019a), and Chang et al (2013) studied the performance of circular CFDST columns whereas Peng et al (2011), Wang et al (2017), Qian et al (2011Qian et al ( , 2014, Ahmed et al (2019b) investigated the behavior of square CFDST columns with an inner circular hollow section. Numerical models were also developed by researchers such as Wan and Zha (2016), Ahmed et al (2018Ahmed et al ( , 2019aAhmed et al ( , 2019bAhmed et al ( , 2019cAhmed et al ( , 2020, Wang et al (2017), Qian et al (2011Qian et al ( , 2014, Ci et al (2020aCi et al ( , 2020b, and Hassanein et al (2013Hassanein et al ( , 2017 for such columns. Furthermore, Ci et al (2021) carried out a series of tests on circular CFDST short columns with an inner square tube.…”