Behavioral rating scales for assessing phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity, stereotypes behavior and ataxia in rats

Sturgeon, R. David; Fessler, Richard G.; Meltzer, Herbert Y.

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(79)90279-6

Cited by 238 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Many studies including our recent one suggested that dopaminergic neuronal systems play a very important role in the hyperlocomotion, rearing, sniffing, head-weav ing and turning induced by PCP: 1) PCP-induced stereo typed behaviors are enhanced by amphetamine (23,24), but attenuated by the dopamine-receptor antagonists haloperidol and pimozide (25,26); 2) PCP produces sig nificant locomotor stimulation and rearing when injected into the nucleus accumbens (27,28), and this effect of PCP is inhibited by the systemic administration of haloperidol (27,28); and 3) bilateral lesions of the stria tum, made both electrically and by the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine, reduce PCP-induced sniffing, head-weaving and turning, with the marked reduction of dopamine contents in the striatum (29, 30), while serotonergic neuronal systems also play an im portant role in PCP-induced head-weaving (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Risperidone on Phencyclidine-Induced Behaviors: Comparison with Haloperidol and Ritanserin

Kitaichi

Yamada

Hasegawa

et al. 1994

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-In this study, we investigated whether risperidone, a serotonin-S2A (5-HT21)/dopamine-D2 (D2)-receptor antagonist, inhibits phencyclidine (PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors in comparison with haloperidol and ritanserin. Moreover, we also attempted to investigate the effects of these antipsychotics on the contents of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites in rat striatum and frontal cortex. In rats, PCP (5 mg/kg, i.p.) caused hyperlocomotion and stereotyped behaviors, including sniffing, head-weaving, backpedalling and turning. Both risperidone (0.8-2.4 mg/kg, p.o.) and haloperidol (0.3-1.0 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited these behaviors, except for backpedalling, in a dose-dependent manner. PCP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) pro duced hyperlocomotion and stereotyped behaviors, including rearing, sniffing head-twitch, backpedalling and turning. Risperidone (0.8-2.4 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited both hyperlocomotion and PCP-induced behaviors, except for backpedalling, while ritanserin (3 -10 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibited only the head-twitch. These results suggest that risperidone may have an antipsychotic effect on schizophrenia as well as PCP psychosis in humans by exerting a mixed 5-HT2A/D2 antagonism. Neurochemically, the increasing effects of risperidone on the content of DOPAC and the ratio of DOPAC to dopamine in the striatum were lower than those of haloperidol. These findings may support the view that the extrapyramidal side effects of risperidone are lower than those of haloperidol in clinical situations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Risperidone on Phencyclidine-Induced Behaviors: Comparison with Haloperidol and Ritanserin

Kitaichi

Yamada

Hasegawa

et al. 1994

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Behavior was monitored by an observer blind to the condition of the animals and to the drug administered. Motor activity and ataxia were scored every 5 minutes using a modification of the scales developed by Sturgeon et al (1979) that capture both locomotor activity and stereotypy.…”

Section: Behavioral Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neurobehavioral Systems Analysis of Adult Rats Exposed to Methylazoxymethanol Acetate on E17: Implications for the Neuropathology of Schizophrenia

Moore

Jentsch

Ghajarnia

et al. 2006

Biological Psychiatry

324

405

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Background-As a test of plausibility for the hypothesis that schizophrenia can result from abnormal brain, especially cerebral cortical, development, these studies examined whether, in the rat, disruption of brain development initiated on embryonic day (E) 17, using the methylating agent methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM), leads to a schizophrenia-relevant pattern of neural and behavioral pathology. Specifically, we tested whether this manipulation leads to disruptions of frontal and limbic corticostriatal circuit function, while producing schizophrenia-like, regiondependent reductions in gray matter in cortex and thalamus.

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“…These assessments were taken every 10 min post injection for 90 min. Locomotion was recorded using an automated locomotion activity chamber (Ernst et al, 2012) and stereotypy was rated based on the scale of (Sturgeon et al, 1979).…”

Section: Behavioral Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Combined Metabonomic and Proteomic Approach Identifies Frontal Cortex Changes in a Chronic Phencyclidine Rat Model in Relation to Human Schizophrenia Brain Pathology

Wesseling

Chan

Tsang

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Current schizophrenia (SCZ) treatments fail to treat the broad range of manifestations associated with this devastating disorder. Thus, new translational models that reproduce the core pathological features are urgently needed to facilitate novel drug discovery efforts. Here, we report findings from the first comprehensive label-free liquid-mass spectrometry proteomic-and proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic profiling of the rat frontal cortex after chronic phencyclidine (PCP) intervention, which induces SCZ-like symptoms. The findings were compared with results from a proteomic profiling of post-mortem prefrontal cortex from SCZ patients and with relevant findings in the literature. Through this approach, we identified proteomic alterations in glutamate-mediated Ca 2 þ signaling (Ca 2 þ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, PPP3CA, and VISL1), mitochondrial function (GOT2 and PKLR), and cytoskeletal remodeling (ARP3). Metabonomic profiling revealed changes in the levels of glutamate, glutamine, glycine, pyruvate, and the Ca 2 þ regulator taurine. Effects on similar pathways were also identified in the prefrontal cortex tissue from human SCZ subjects. The discovery of similar but not identical proteomic and metabonomic alterations in the chronic PCP rat model and human brain indicates that this model recapitulates only some of the molecular alterations of the disease. This knowledge may be helpful in understanding mechanisms underlying psychosis, which, in turn, can facilitate improved therapy and drug discovery for SCZ and other psychiatric diseases. Most importantly, these molecular findings suggest that the combined use of multiple models may be required for more effective translation to studies of human SCZ.

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Behavioral rating scales for assessing phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity, stereotypes behavior and ataxia in rats

Cited by 238 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of Risperidone on Phencyclidine-Induced Behaviors: Comparison with Haloperidol and Ritanserin

Effects of Risperidone on Phencyclidine-Induced Behaviors: Comparison with Haloperidol and Ritanserin

A Neurobehavioral Systems Analysis of Adult Rats Exposed to Methylazoxymethanol Acetate on E17: Implications for the Neuropathology of Schizophrenia

A Combined Metabonomic and Proteomic Approach Identifies Frontal Cortex Changes in a Chronic Phencyclidine Rat Model in Relation to Human Schizophrenia Brain Pathology

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