Behavioural and biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in Cabo Verde: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2007 and 2020 national community-based surveys

Pengpid, Supa; Peltzer, Karl

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073327

BMJ Open

2023

DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073327

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Behavioural and biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in Cabo Verde: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2007 and 2020 national community-based surveys

Supa Pengpid,

Karl Peltzer

Abstract: ObjectiveThe aim of the study is to estimate trends in the prevalence and associated factors of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in adults from 2007 to 2020 in Cabo Verde.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative samples of adult population in Cabo Verde from the 2007 and 2020 STEPwise approach to NCD risk factor surveillance (STEPS) surveys.ParticipantsThe sample included 1760 adults in 2007 and 3721 in 2020.Outcome measuresIncluded fruit/vegetable consumption, l… Show more

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in Cape Verde: an analysis of the 2020 WHO STEPS survey on non-communicable diseases risk factors

Okyere,

Ayebeng,

Dickson

2024

BMC Endocr Disord

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Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant global health challenge, with its prevalence steadily rising across diverse populations. Understanding the factors associated with T2DM is crucial for effective prevention and management strategies. In Cape Verde, an archipelago nation off the coast of West Africa, the burden of T2DM is of particular concern, yet comprehensive studies investigating its determinants in this context remain sparse. This study aims to narrow the knowledge gap by assessing the prevalence of prediabetes, T2DM and its associated factors among the adult Cape Verdean population. Methods Data from the WHO STEPs survey were used. We analyzed data from 1,936 adults aged 18–69 years. The outcome variable was diabetes status computed using the fasting blood glucose (mg/dl). The data was weighted before the analysis to account for sampling biases. Multinomial logistic regression models were computed in STATA version 18. Results The overall prevalence of prediabetes and T2DM was 7.8% (95% CI: 6.1–9.9) and 3.9% (95% CI: 3.1–4.9), respectively. Increasing age was associated with a higher odd of prediabetes and T2DM with the highest odds observed among older adults [(prediabetes: AORs = 3.20, 95%CI: 1.88–5.54) and T2DM: AOR = 3.51, 95%CI: 1.71–7.18)]. Additionally, high total cholesterol levels were linked to increased odds of T2DM (AOR = 2.48, 95%CI: 1.64–3.76). Individuals who consumed less than four servings of vegetables daily had higher odds of T2DM (AOR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.12–2.71) while being overweight/obese was associated with higher odds of prediabetes (AOR = 1.57, 95%CI: 1.10–2.23). Urban residents had higher odds of T2DM than rural residents (AOR = 1.92, 95%CI: 1.23-3.00). Also, higher educational attainment was associated with lower odds of T2DM only (AOR = 0.33, 95%CI: 0.12–0.88) but not statistically significant for prediabetes. Conclusion Based on the findings, we conclude that ageing, overweight/obesity, vegetable consumption and total cholesterol level are important predictors of pre-diabetes and T2DM in Cape Verde. As such, weight management and cholesterol management should be integral parts of T2DM prevention strategies. Additionally, clinicians and diabetes societies in Cape Verde must make the promotion of vegetable consumption a key component of their health advice and advocacy. Clinical trial number Not applicable

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Prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in Cape Verde: an analysis of the 2020 WHO STEPS survey on non-communicable diseases risk factors

Okyere,

Ayebeng,

Dickson

2024

BMC Endocr Disord

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Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Obese and Overweight Adults: Correlations With Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammatory Markers

Eswar,

Rajagopalan,

Ete

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background: Overweight and obesity are escalating public health concerns globally, and India is also experiencing a significant rise in the population of overweight and obese people. Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a type of cytokine that has garnered attention in particularly obesity-related metabolic disturbances. This study aimed to assess TNF-α levels in overweight and obese adults and explore its correlation with metabolic syndrome and associated biochemical parameters in the northeastern Indian population. Methods: A comparative study was conducted involving 200 participants divided into four groups: 50 healthy controls, 50 overweight individuals, 50 obese individuals without metabolic syndrome and 50 obese individuals with metabolic syndrome. Serum TNF-α levels were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical analyses, including glucose and lipid profiles, were performed using standard methods. Results: TNF-α levels were significantly elevated in overweight individuals (128.5±35.7 pg/ml), obese individuals without metabolic syndrome (171.5±13.6 pg/ml), and obese individuals with metabolic syndrome (238.6±62 pg/ml) compared to normal subjects (controls; 21.7±11.8 pg/ml). Positive correlations were observed between TNF-α and body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), neck circumference, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and negative correlation was found high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Conclusion: Elevated TNF-α levels in overweight and obese individuals suggest its role in metabolic disturbances and immune activation within the adipose tissue. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring TNF-α as a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome risk, highlighting the need for targeted interventions in the northeastern Indian population to mitigate the health impacts of obesity and associated metabolic disorders.

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Behavioural and biological risk factors of non-communicable diseases among adults in Cabo Verde: a repeated cross-sectional study of the 2007 and 2020 national community-based surveys

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in Cape Verde: an analysis of the 2020 WHO STEPS survey on non-communicable diseases risk factors

Prevalence of diabetes and its associated factors in Cape Verde: an analysis of the 2020 WHO STEPS survey on non-communicable diseases risk factors

Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) Levels in Obese and Overweight Adults: Correlations With Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammatory Markers

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