“…2i, l, o) new dimples or holes were found on the surface of BSPs. These results are consistent with previous reports [22, 23]. A comparison between the pre- and post-treatment microstructure of BSPs revealed that its structure was significantly destroyed by treatment.Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…hutchinsonii genome, which exhibited more families and number, especially in GHs (Table 3; Additional file 8: Table S3). The examined Enterococcus genomes were mostly enriched in GH1, GH13 and GH73, which putatively exhibit (among others) β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activity [22], α-amylase [23] and lysozyme [31], respectively (Additional file 8: Table S3).…”
Background
Gut symbiotic microbiota plays a critical role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption. The bamboo snout beetle,
Cyrtotrachelus buqueti
, a common pest of several bamboo species, exhibits high lignocellulolytic enzyme activity and contains various CAZyme genes. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of the snout beetle on bamboo lignocellulose degradation. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of
C
.
buqueti
on bamboo lignocellulose degradation.
Results
Gut symbiotic microbiota of female (CCJ), male (XCJ), and larvae (YCJ) beetles was used to treat bamboo shoot particles (BSPs) in vitro for 6 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant destruction of the lignocellulose structure after treatment, which was consistent with the degradation efficiencies of CCJ, XCJ, and YCJ for cellulose (21.11%, 17.58% and 18.74%, respectively); hemicellulose (22.22%, 27.18% and 34.20%, respectively); and lignin (19.83%, 24.30% and 32.97%, respectively). Gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae beetles was then identified using 16sRNA sequencing, which revealed that four microbes:
Lactococcus
,
Serratia
,
Dysgonomonas
and
Enterococcus
, comprise approximately 84% to 94% of the microbiota. Moreover, the genomes of 45
Lactococcus
, 72
Serratia
, 86
Enterococcus
and 4
Dysgonomonas
microbes were used to analyse resident CAZyme genes. These results indicated that gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae
C
.
buqueti
is involved in the lignocellulose degradation traits shown by the host.
Conclusions
This study shows that the gut symbiotic microbiota of
C
.
buqueti
participates in bamboo lignocellulose degradation, providing innovative findings for bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion. Furthermore, the results of this study will allow us to further isolate lignocellulose-degrading microbiota for use in bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-019-1411-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…2i, l, o) new dimples or holes were found on the surface of BSPs. These results are consistent with previous reports [22, 23]. A comparison between the pre- and post-treatment microstructure of BSPs revealed that its structure was significantly destroyed by treatment.Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 93%
“…hutchinsonii genome, which exhibited more families and number, especially in GHs (Table 3; Additional file 8: Table S3). The examined Enterococcus genomes were mostly enriched in GH1, GH13 and GH73, which putatively exhibit (among others) β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activity [22], α-amylase [23] and lysozyme [31], respectively (Additional file 8: Table S3).…”
Background
Gut symbiotic microbiota plays a critical role in nutrient supply, digestion, and absorption. The bamboo snout beetle,
Cyrtotrachelus buqueti
, a common pest of several bamboo species, exhibits high lignocellulolytic enzyme activity and contains various CAZyme genes. However, to date, no studies have evaluated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of the snout beetle on bamboo lignocellulose degradation. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of gut symbiotic microbiota of
C
.
buqueti
on bamboo lignocellulose degradation.
Results
Gut symbiotic microbiota of female (CCJ), male (XCJ), and larvae (YCJ) beetles was used to treat bamboo shoot particles (BSPs) in vitro for 6 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed significant destruction of the lignocellulose structure after treatment, which was consistent with the degradation efficiencies of CCJ, XCJ, and YCJ for cellulose (21.11%, 17.58% and 18.74%, respectively); hemicellulose (22.22%, 27.18% and 34.20%, respectively); and lignin (19.83%, 24.30% and 32.97%, respectively). Gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae beetles was then identified using 16sRNA sequencing, which revealed that four microbes:
Lactococcus
,
Serratia
,
Dysgonomonas
and
Enterococcus
, comprise approximately 84% to 94% of the microbiota. Moreover, the genomes of 45
Lactococcus
, 72
Serratia
, 86
Enterococcus
and 4
Dysgonomonas
microbes were used to analyse resident CAZyme genes. These results indicated that gut symbiotic microbiota of adult and larvae
C
.
buqueti
is involved in the lignocellulose degradation traits shown by the host.
Conclusions
This study shows that the gut symbiotic microbiota of
C
.
buqueti
participates in bamboo lignocellulose degradation, providing innovative findings for bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion. Furthermore, the results of this study will allow us to further isolate lignocellulose-degrading microbiota for use in bamboo lignocellulose bioconversion.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s13068-019-1411-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…In addition, the presence of some cellulase activity in the xylanase might also contribute to the conversion of cellulose from the pretreated substrates. Similar results have been reported by Li et al (Li et al, 2015). Compared with hydrolysis using cellulases only, the cellulose conversion rates of the pretreated SCB were increased from 101.1% to 110.4% and 105.8%, respectively, when hydrolyzed by C4X1 (the ratio of cellulases to xylanase was 4:1) and C1X1 (equal amounts of cellulases and xylanase).…”
Section: Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Scb By the Synergistic Application Osupporting
“…Li et al (2014) studied the sulfite treatment of bamboo green for enzymatic saccharification. Li et al (2015) assessed the impact of different reagents on the enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo green. Xin et al (2015) compared the influence of dilute acid and aqueous ammonia treatments on the physicochemical properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of bamboo green.…”
The potential of bamboo green (B), an abundant lignocellulosic residue from the bamboo processing industry, was evaluated to serve as an alternative fibrous raw material in the production of fiberboard. Ureaformaldehyde resin-bonded fiberboards were prepared from B, wood fiber (W), and a mixture of the two (BW). The board type depended on the mass fraction of B in fibrous raw materials (including B and W), which were 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The analytical methods used to characterize fibers and fiberboards included X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, contact angle analysis, physical-mechanical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared with W, B showed a higher crystallinity index and thermogravimetric stability, but lower surface hydrophilicity and weaker interactions with urea-formaldehyde resin. Compared with W fiberboards, B fiberboards possessed a lower interfacial adhesion but fibrous raw materials in B fiberboards were better dispersed; moreover, B fiberboard displayed a higher dynamic viscosity, thermogravimetric stability, surface wettability, water absorption, and flexural modulus, but lower thickness swelling and flexural strength. The fiberboards produced with BW had better performances than the fiberboards produced with B and W. The 40% B mass fraction resulted in BW fiberboards with the best physicalmechanical properties.
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