Bentonite as a Refining Agent in Waste Cooking Oils Recycling: Flash Point, Density and Color Evaluation

Mannu, Alberto; Vlahopoulou, Gina; Sireus, Veronica; Petretto, Giacomo Luigi; Mulas, G.; Garroni, Sebastiano

doi:10.1177/1934578x1801300523

Cited by 20 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The FFA concentration in vegetable oils depends on multiple factors, namely the quality and variety of raw material, collecting conditions, processing, storage, the age of the oil and deterioration status [3,4]. The amount of FFA is even higher in waste cooking oils (WCO), since high temperature and exposure to air occurring during frying promote the hydrolysis and oxidation of triglycerides and increase the content of FFA in the oil [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

2020

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The identification and quantification of free fatty acids (FFA) in edible and non-edible vegetable oils, including waste cooking oils, is a crucial index to assess their quality and drives their use in different application fields. NMR spectroscopy represents an alternative tool to conventional methods for the determination of FFA content, providing us with interesting advantages. Here the approaches reported in the literature based on 1H, 13C and 31P NMR are illustrated and compared, highlighting the pros and cons of the suggested strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

2020

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“…From the data collected in the present study and during our previous investigations, 27 a proper recycling of WCO should allow to obtain specific characteristics in the recycled material by tuning some process parameters. In particular, the water treatment led to different outcome depending mainly on the temperature and on the pH, while the filtration step improves the color of the regenerated oil and helps removing residual aldehydes.…”

Section: Prototypementioning

confidence: 84%

“…24,25,26 From the other side, the filtration procedure, also known as clarification step, was originally employed in the recycling of mineral oils and permits to decrease of the density and the viscosity and to enhance the color properties of the crude oil by removing selected polar compounds and by separating metal traces and other solids. 27,28,29 The variation of the chemical composition of WCOs depending on the degumming or filtration has been seldom studied. 30 It has been found that the volatile composition of crude WCOs is mainly composed by Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and degradation products with respect to the parent edible vegetable oils, and that such composition change depending on the kind of the bentonite employed for the filtering treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recycling of Waste Cooking Oils: Variation of the Chemical Composition during Water Treatment

Mannu¹,

Ferro²,

Dugoni³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Samples of sunflower Waste Cooking Oils (WCOs) subjected to several cycles of frying were treated with water under four different combinations of temperature and pH. The variation of the chemical composition of the oil samples was monitored through headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas-chromatographic technique (GC), 1H NMR spectroscopy and ESI+ mass spectrometry measurements. The possibility to modify the chemical composition of the recycled vegetable oil by tuning the water treatment parameters was exploited for the designing of a mini-plant for the production of bio-lubricants. A full description of the proposed prototype is also reported.

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“…Unfortunately, the high cost synthesis and regeneration treatment are main barriers for rapid commercialization of this class of materials, for this specific purpose. Therefore, it is no surprise that the attention from part of the scientific community, even if only recently, has moved to test natural porous materials, such as bentonites [75]. For example, montmorillonite (the dominant component of bentonite), tested for WCO purification, seems to retain specific chemical groups, such as carboxylic acids or double bonds, significantly improving the color quality of the filtered oil [76].…”

Section: Separation Through Filtration With Specific Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Available Technologies and Materials for Waste Cooking Oil Recycling

et al. 2020

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Recently, the interest in converting waste cooking oils (WCOs) to raw materials has grown exponentially. The driving force of such a trend is mainly represented by the increasing number of WCO applications, combined with the definition, in many countries, of new regulations on waste management. From an industrial perspective, the simple chemical composition of WCOs make them suitable as valuable chemical building blocks, in fuel, materials, and lubricant productions. The sustainability of such applications is sprightly related to proper recycling procedures. In this context, the development of new recycling processes, as well as the optimization of the existing ones, represents a priority for applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and material science. With the aim of providing useful updates to the scientific community involved in vegetable oil processing, the current available technologies for WCO recycling are herein reported, described, and discussed. In detail, two main types of WCO treatments will be considered: chemical transformations, to exploit the chemical functional groups present in the waste for the synthesis of added value products, and physical treatments as extraction, filtration, and distillation procedures. The first part, regarding chemical synthesis, will be connected mostly to the production of fuels. The second part, concerning physical treatments, will focus on bio-lubricant production. Moreover, during the description of filtering procedures, a special focus will be given to the development and applicability of new materials and technologies for WCO treatments.

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Bentonite as a Refining Agent in Waste Cooking Oils Recycling: Flash Point, Density and Color Evaluation

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

Recycling of Waste Cooking Oils: Variation of the Chemical Composition during Water Treatment

Available Technologies and Materials for Waste Cooking Oil Recycling

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