Benzene disposition in the rat after exposure by inhalation

Rickert, Douglas E.; Baker, Terrie S.; Bus, James S.; Barrow, Craig S.; Irons, Richard D.

doi:10.1016/0041-008x(79)90441-1

Cited by 208 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…We have compared the fit of three PBPK models for benzene to the published data of Rickert et al (1979) and of Sabourin et al (1987;. The issues of the goodness of fit of these models, their ability to per-.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental data of Rickert et al (1979) and Sabourin et al (1987; were used. Both investigated the pharmacokinetics of benzene in male Fischer-344 rats.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both investigated the pharmacokinetics of benzene in male Fischer-344 rats. Rickert et al (1979) exposed the rats to 490 ppm of benzene by inhalation for 6 or 8 hr. Blood, fat, bone marrow and liver levels were obtained at various times before and after exposure.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following standard statistical reasoning, and common sense, confidence is higher for those parameter values that lead to better fit to the available data. In the following, the goodness of fit of the models to the Fischer-344 rat data of Rickert et al (1979) and Sabourin et al (1987;, which all three models can predict, is measured and discussed. We show that acceptable parameter values can be very different from standard ones while still being in a physiological range, and that using standard values does not ensure a good prediction of all tissue levels, independently of inter-species extrapolations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Fixed values were assigned to the physiological parameters, and the metabolic constants were interactively adjusted until a reasonable fit to the data was obtained. The third model, proposed by our group (Spear et al, 1990;Woodruff et al, 1989}, was adjusted to the rat data of Rickert et al (1979) and Sabourin et al (1987;. All the parameters were assigned ranges to account 2 • for their biological variability and experimental uncertainty, and Monte Carlo simulations were perfonned to analyze the model behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of three physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of benzene disposition

Bois

Woodruff

Spear

1991

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental data of Rickert et al (1979) and Sabourin et al (1987; were used. Both investigated the pharmacokinetics of benzene in male Fischer-344 rats.…”

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comparison of three physiologically based pharmacokinetic models of benzene disposition

Bois

Woodruff

Spear

1991

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Risk Analysis for the Workplace

Tardiff¹

2001

Patty's Industrial Hygiene

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Occupational exposures to chemicals, often inevitable, are generally viewed as without consequence to the health of the workers, provided that the doses are no greater than limits set by some recognized authority. Risk analysis (also referred to as risk estimation) is often vital to decisions on controlling risks and to communicating about the significance of risks before and after abatement of emissions. By its nature, the risk analysis process enables the systematic evaluation of data and the quantitative presentation of complex information. It facilitates both comparisons among alternatives and incorporation of seemingly disparate information (e.g., technological choices, economics, and policy goals) into complex decision‐making processes. Applied to emissions of chemicals in the work environment, risk analysis ( 1 ) characterizes injurious effects that might be associated with an activity, ( 2 ) enables comparison of health risks of existing technologies with health risks or benefits of proposed replacement or supplemental technologies, ( 3 ) helps to distinguish between major and minor sources of risks and their relative impact on health for resource allocations, and ( 4 ) permits establishment of priorities in cases presenting multiple potential health problems with limited resources to address them. With an understanding of the extent and seriousness of potential health effects, reasoned choices can be made about allocation of resources and about engagement in specific activities. Selections of one technological approach over another to reduce emissions of chemicals to the atmosphere can be greatly influenced by an understanding of the degree of health safety or health risk associated with each option. Furthermore, knowledge of the health benefits from a specific selection can be shared with those exposed to ease the concern for their well‐being. This chapter first provides an overview of risk analysis and describes some detailed procedures applied to the interpretation of physical, chemical, and toxicity data to estimate risks. Next, an illustration of the estimation of risks from exposure to a carcinogen in the workplace is presented. That is followed by a comparable illustration to demonstrate the derivation of the degree of safety from workplace exposures to reproductive toxicants. A variety of resource documents are available to the reader that provide more detailed information about risk analysis procedures and their applicability.

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