Benzene Removal by PAC in Jet Flocculation System

Selecting a single powdered activated carbon against multiple threats: taste & odour and benzene

“…35 Other authors found that 60 mg PAC per L were necessary to remove 95% of benzene (initial concentration of 100 μg L −1 ) in a jet-flocculator with 2–8 min PAC residence time in the reactor. 12 This indicates that with typically short residence times in the participating DWTP, PAC used for MIB and geosmin removal is suited to deal with benzene contamination but the dose needs to be drastically increased in order to remove benzene below the drinking water threshold.…”

“…Few studies exist that evaluate the adsorption of trace benzene concentrations by PAC from natural water. 12 A pilot study had found that a combined flocculation/PAC system with 60 mg L −1 of PAC reduced benzene concentrations from 100 to 5 μg L −1 within 2 to 8 minutes. 12 A previous study found that PAC doses as high as 80 mg L −1 of PAC were required to reduce residual benzene concentrations in surface water from 14 μg L −1 to 0.5 μg L −1 within 15 to 30 min during ballasted flocculation.…”

“…12 A pilot study had found that a combined flocculation/PAC system with 60 mg L −1 of PAC reduced benzene concentrations from 100 to 5 μg L −1 within 2 to 8 minutes. 12 A previous study found that PAC doses as high as 80 mg L −1 of PAC were required to reduce residual benzene concentrations in surface water from 14 μg L −1 to 0.5 μg L −1 within 15 to 30 min during ballasted flocculation. 5 Adsorption performance for trace organics is highly dependent on the material properties of the adsorbent and the presence of competing NOM.…”

Jar Tests for Evaluation of Atrazine Removal at Drinking Water Treatment Plants

“…For practical-oriented research, PAC has been used in the Robert-Haberer process (Stukenberg and Hesby, 1991;Harberer and Norman-Schmidt, 1991), the upflow floc-blanket reactor (Najm et al, 1991c(Najm et al, , 1993, and the solids contact slurry recirculating clarifier (Kassam et al, 1991), jet flocculation systems (Sobrinho et al, 1997), and other reactors (Najm et al, 1991b;Qi et al, 1994). Najm et al (1991a) summarized the advantages and disadvantages of different points for PAC application and the important criteria for selecting these points.…”