Benzoxazinoid Allelochemicals in Wheat:  Distribution among Foliage, Roots, and Seeds

Villagrasa, Marta; Guillamón, Míriam; Labandeira, Ana; Taberner, A.; Eljarrat, Ethel; Barceló, Damià

doi:10.1021/jf050898h

Cited by 60 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…International research on the allelo-pathy of wheat is active [7]. Research on wheat allelopa-thy has progressed rapidly from the initial phase of eva-luation of wheat allelopathy to the identification of wheat allelochemicals, the degradation of these compounds and, further, to the identification of genetic markers associated with wheat allelopathy [8,9].…”

Section: Allelopathic Effect Of Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the allelopathic potential of wheat

Lam¹,

Sze²,

Tong³

et al. 2012

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Objective: This paper mainly discusses the Allelopathic potential of wheat. Methods: This paper is prepared by reviewing the latest academic literatures. Result: The green revolution in the 1960s caused an increase in the demand for food. The agricultural sector and farmers tended to spend more time on the agricultural work but the crop yield was suppressed by the weeds. Hence, the usage of herbicide insecticides, fungicides and others chemicals had been increased. Although herbicides are efficient for weed controls, the continuous uses had gradually stimulated the weeds developing an effecttive resistance to the chemicals. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known as allelopathic against crops and weeds. Allelopathy of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has been extensively examined for its potentials in weeds management. The al-lelopathic activity of wheat has been attributed to hydroxamic acids, the related compounds and phenolic acids. Therefore, it could effectively reduce herbicide uses in order to maintain an eco-friendly environment and a cost-effective weed control.

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Section: Allelopathic Effect Of Wheatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the allelopathic potential of wheat

Lam¹,

Sze²,

Tong³

et al. 2012

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“…Wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a potential allelopathic plant and its phytotoxic activity has been attributed to hydroxamic acids and related compounds (Wu et al, 2000a;Villagrasa et al, 2006) as well as phenolic acids (Wu et al, 2001). Wheat aqueous extracts were also allelopathic to pitted morning glory (Ipomoea lacunosa), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), and also to herbicide susceptible and resistant biotypes of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) (Liebl & Worsham, 1983;Wu et al, 2000b, Wu et al, 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic action of aqueous wheat straw extract on horse e purslane

et al. 2012

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-The toxic action of aqueous wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw extracts was investigated on germination, early seedling growth, some biochemical attributes and the antioxidant enzymes of horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum). Aqueous extracts of wheat straw were prepared by soaking the wheat straw in distilled water in 1:10 w/v ratio and diluted to obtain the concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. These were used as pre and post emergence in laboratory and screen house trials. Wheat aqueous extracts exhibited phytotoxicity to horse purslane by inhibiting and delaying its germination and suppressing seedling growth. Wheat phytotoxins in its aqueous extracts suppressed the chlorophyll content and soluble protein, and enhanced soluble phenolics and the activity of antioxidant enzymes as catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in the seedlings of horse purslane compared with the control. Such inhibitory activity is believed to originate from exposure to wheat phytotoxins that are present in its aqueous straw extract. The suppressive effects of wheat straw need to be investigated further under field conditions. Keywords: phytotoxins, germination, seedling growth, phenolics, antioxidants.RESUMO -A ação tóxica de extratos aquosos da palha de trigo (Triticum aestivum) foi investigada na germinação, no crescimento inicial da plântula, em alguns atributos bioquímicos e nas enzimas antioxidantes de beldroegas-cavalo (Thianthema portulacastrum). Extratos aquosos de palha de trigo foram preparados pela imersão deste em água destilada na proporção de 01:10 m/v e diluidos para obtenção de cinco concentrações (0, 25, 50, 75 e 100%). Estes foram usados como pré e pós-emergência em ensaios de laboratório e casa de vegetação. Os extratos aquosos de trigo exibiram toxicidade às beldroegas-cavalo, inibindo e retardando a sua germinação e suprimindo o crescimento das plântulas. Toxinas no extrato aquoso de trigo suprimiram o teor de clorofila e proteína solúvel, aumentaram os fenóis solúveis e a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes como catalase, peroxidase e superóxido dismutase em plântulas de beldroega-cavalo comparado ao controle. Acreditase que essa atividade inibitória origina-se da exposição das beldroegas-cavalo às toxinas presentes no extrato aquoso de palha de trigo. Efeitos supressivos da palha de trigo precisam ser investigados em condições de campo.Palavras-chave: palha de trigo, toxinas, germinação, crescimento das plântulas, fenólicos antioxidantes.

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“…Correlations between higher benzoxazinoid concentrations and both Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance (Soltoft et al, 2008) and yield in wheat (Silva et al, 2006) have been reported using a small number of cultivars. Wheat cultivars show significant differences in the total amount and proportions of benzoxazinoids found in thei r roots Villagrasa et al, 2006), leaves and grain (Villagrasa et al, 2006); although again only a small number of cultivars have been analysed. Whilst the correlation between benzoxazolinone levels and disease resistance has not been examined for Fusarium crown and root rot diseases, these defence compounds may also have an effect on these diseases if their concentrations are increased via traditional or molecular breeding approaches.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant contributors to variation in benzoxazinoid levels are seasonal variability , the wheat cultivar, growth stage and plant age (Villagrasa et al, 2006), plant growth rate (Copaja et al, 1999), water stress, insect herbivory (Silva et al, 2006), light intensity (Ahman & Johansson, 1994), jasmonic acid signalling (Oikawa et al, 2001), and the presence of competitive weeds (Hasegawa et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Plant Tissue Concentrations Of Benzoxazinoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins by Fusarium pseudograminearum, a pathogenic fungus of wheat

Kettle¹

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The benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins are released by wheat, maize and rye upon pathogen attack. Benzoxazolinones have antimicrobial activity, but certain fungi have evolved mechanisms to actively detoxify these compounds, which may contribute to the virulence of these pathogens. In many Fusarium spp. a cluster of genes is thought to be involved in the detoxification of benzoxazolinones. However, only one enzyme, Fusarium Detoxification of Benzoxazolinone 2 (Fdb2), encoded in the cluster has been unequi vocally assigned a role in this process. The FDB2 gene encodes a N-malonyltransferase and was identified in the maize pathogen F. verticillioides. In this thesis, through comparative genome analysis of several Fusarium species, a conserved genomic region has been identified around FDB2. Expression analyses demonstrated that a cluster of nine genes were responsive to exogenous benzoxazolinone in the important wheat pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum.

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Benzoxazinoid Allelochemicals in Wheat: Distribution among Foliage, Roots, and Seeds

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Research on the allelopathic potential of wheat

Research on the allelopathic potential of wheat

Toxic action of aqueous wheat straw extract on horse e purslane

Degradation of the benzoxazolinone class of phytoalexins by Fusarium pseudograminearum, a pathogenic fungus of wheat

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