Beta and Gamma Dose Rates from Terrestrially Distributed Sources

O’Brien, K.; Lowder, W.M.; Solon, Leonard R.

doi:10.2307/3570842

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…While such quantities are essentiaIly proportional to absorbed dose, they do not permit the direct inference of dose to the various human organs. This problem has been recognized at least since 1956 (SPIERS, 1956) and a number of theoretical and experimental studies carried out since then were directed primarily at obtaining the gonadal dose from a knowledge of the environmental gamma-ray field (SPIERS, 1956;O'BRIEN et al, 1958;SPIERS and OVERTON, 1962;JONES, 1966;BENNETT, 1970). We have begun a theoretical study directed at obtaining a more detailed picture of the dose distribution; considering a larger number of organs, a wider range of photon energies, photon angular distributions and phantom sizes than in previous studies, with a view both to determine average organ doses and the circumstances to which they may be sensitive.…”

Section: Tical)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Absorbed Dose-rates in Humans from Exposure to Environmental Gamma Rays

O’Brien¹,

Sanna²

1976

Health Physics

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The propagation of environmental gamma rays through the human body was calcuIated using the 3-dimensional Monte-Carlo code DISDOS. These calculations were performed with the aim of determining the gonadal dose with a statistical accuracy of 10% or less for each of the energies considered. The ratio of exposure to absorbed dose in the human body averages about 0.6. A mean annual gonadal dose produced by environmental gamma rays in the U.S. was calculated to be 32 rt 4% mrad/yr. The mean annual dose to the red marrow was calculated to be 29 i 0.1% mrad/yr (the errors cited being purely statis-

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Section: Tical)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Absorbed Dose-rates in Humans from Exposure to Environmental Gamma Rays

O’Brien¹,

Sanna²

1976

Health Physics

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“…Although the results of measurements of the ionization intensity due to gamma-radiation from the ground surface were reported by many authors [1,2,3,4,5], research on the ionization due to betaradiation from the ground surface and atmosphere were carried out only be few investigators [6,7,8,9,10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of the ionization intensity due to beta-radiation near the ground

Iida

Kawano

1972

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A.

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The results of measurements of the ionization intensity due to beta-radiation from the ground surface and the atmosphere, employing a thin-walled ionization chamber, are described. The effective ionizing volume of the chamber, Veff, was determined by experimental and theoretical methods. The measured values are corrected by using Vefl. The absorption of gamma-radiation in the shield of the acryle plate is discussed. The ionization intensities due to beta-radiation at several heights on the ground surface were measured on the campus of Nagoya University. The measured value at 1 meter height was about 1 J. The ionization intensity due to betaradiation from the atmosphere was also measured in the same place and on the top of Mr. Norikura (2770 m). The value in each station was about 0.3 J. The ionization intensities due to beta-radiation from the ground surface and the atmosphere were theoretically estimated by using Loevinger's formula to compare with those obtained by measurements. The calculated values seemed to agree approximately with the measured ones. ZusammenfassungMessungen des durch Beta-Strahlung verursachten Ionisationsgrades nahe dem Erdboden Mit einer dtinnwandigen Ionisationskammer gewonnene Ergebnisse yon Messungen der Ionisationsst~irke als Folge der Betastrahlung vom Erdboden und yon der Luft werden beschrieben. Der wirksame ionisierte Rauminhalt der Kammer, Yell, wurde nach experimentellen und theoretischen Methoden bestimmt. Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Hans Israel. 13" 196 T. tida et al. Die Metgergebnisse sind unter Ber6cksichtigung von Veff korrigiert worden. Die Absorption der Gammastrahlung in der Abdeckplatte aus Akrylit wird diskutiert. Die Ionisierungsstiirken als Folge der Betastrahlung wurden auf dem Geliinde der Nagoya-Universit/it in verschiedenen H~Shen fiber dem Erdboden gemessen. Es ergab sich ein Wert yon etwa 1 J in einer H/She von einem Meter. Am gleichen Ort und auf dem Gipfel des Mt. Norikura (2770 m) wurde aul~erdem die Ionisierungsstiirke als Folge der Betastrahlung aus der Atmosph~ire gemessen. An beiden Stationen ergab sich ein Wert yon etwa 0,3 J. Die durch Betastrahlung sowohl vonder Oberfl~iche des Erdbodens wie von der Atmosph~ire erzeugten Ionisationsst~irken wurden unter Benutzung der Formel yon Loevinger theoretisch bestimmt und mit den gemessenen Werten verglichen. Die berechneten und gemessenen Werte stimmen ann~ihernd iiberein.

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