Beta-blockers have a beneficial effect upon endothelial function and microalbuminuria in African-American subjects with diabetes and hypertension

Abstract

Background-Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus(T2DM) with microalbuminuria(MA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events(CVE) that may be attenuated by Angiotensin-ConvertingEnzyme Inhibitors(ACEIs), unless microalbuminuria persists(PMA). African-Americans(AA) have a higher prevalence of nephropathy with suboptimal response to ACEIs. We studied the effects of beta-blockers addition and comparative effects of carvedilol with metoprolol on 24-hour urinaryalbumin excretion(UAE) and endothelial function(EF) in AA with PMA.

Carvedilol versus beta-1 blockers as anti-hypertensive drugs in type-2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetic patients with features of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis

“…4,28 One of the aspects where carvedilol may prove to be better over beta-1 blockers is in its favourable effect of on micro albuminuria, perhaps due to its additional anti-oxidant activity. 29 Other aspects where superiority of carvedilol over beta-1 blockers found was with respect to reduction in the incidence of new onset type-2 DM in patients of heart failure. 30 Hence in patients with significant micro albuminuria and in patients of heart failure at risk of type-2 DM carvedilol can be preferred over beta-1 blockers.…”

Carvedilol as nephroprotective agent: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Two of the four eligible studies published data on the "mean change" values in above parameters. [8][9][10][11] The "Mean change" values for two studies were calculated by using the "baseline" and "study end point" values. [9][10] Study by Saul et al, published UACR values as mg/mmol, was converted to mg/g by multiplying the mg/mmol values by 8.84.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] The "Mean change" values for two studies were calculated by using the "baseline" and "study end point" values. [9][10] Study by Saul et al, published UACR values as mg/mmol, was converted to mg/g by multiplying the mg/mmol values by 8.84. 8 For studies publishing 95% confidence interval values instead of standard deviation values, we calculated the standard deviation values by using the standard formula.…”

“…Few of the data"s in study by Java et al, were published as logtransformed values of mean with standard error of mean. 9 Using the standard formula, we calculated the standard deviation from standard error of mean.…”

“…7 Among the beta-blockers, carvedilol a third generation beta-blocker with antioxidant action has shown nephroprotective action in few studies. [8][9][10][11][12][13] However, this effect is not proved consistently in all studies. Hence, present study aims at analysing the nephroprotective effects of carvedilol on UACR and eGFR, apart from its effects on hemodynamic parameters.…”